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ENVL 1100 Chapters: 10-12,14 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Saltwater Intrusion
    - - Confined
        
        confining bed
      - Unconfined
      - Hadley Cell Diagram :globe_with_meridians:
        
        convection
        
        heat
  - - - Purified as it moves
        
        Recharges Aquifers
  - - - lakes, ponds, streams
  - - - One person in US uses 100 gallons of water per day
    - - 90% of waste water is dumped back into surface waters
    - - (agriculture)
- - - - A
        
        E
        
        B
        
        C
        
        R
        
        bedrock
        
        least geochemically weathered
        
        accumulation
        
        leaching
        
        minerals
      - :leaves:
  - - - Biota (organisms)
        
        Topography (Relief)
        
        Parent Material
        
        Time
        
        Soil Organic Matter (SOM)
      - temperature
      - precipitation
  - - - Modern machinery
        
        Infrastructure
        
        Chemicals
        
        Irrigatioon
        
        Expensive land
        
        Confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs)
        
        1 more item...
    - - poor + cannot survive crop failures
        
        Common in Asia, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa
    - - Common in Brazil
- - - - Industrial Revolution
        
        Greed Revolution
      - small farms
  - - - Malnutrition
    - - lack of vitamins/minerals
      - :ear_of_rice:
- - - - Bottom Ash
        
        Boiler Slag
        
        Flue Gas
        
        Fly Ash
        
        ingredient in soil modification and/or stablilization
        
        powdery material rising with flue gas
        
        (component of flowable fill) {construction}
        
        desulfurization material
        
        (wallboard/raw material for concrete products)
        
        molten bottom ash reacted with water
        
        (roofing granules/filler for asphalt)
        
        conglomerated ash particles
        
        (road bases/feed stock for cement)
    - - Surface/strip mining
      - Underground
    - - 69.7% Steam
        
        Steam Turbine
        
        Fuel (Coal/Nuclear Fuel)
        
        Boiler
        
        Turbine
        
        Generator
        
        2 more items...
        
        steam spins the turbine
        
        fuel is used to boil water
        
        (condenser)
        
        mining
      - 21.9% Gas
      - 6% Water
      - 2.4% Nuclear
  - - - aka Fracking
  - - - Tar Sands
      - Alberta, Canada
      - extensive environmental damaged to boreal forests
    - - Oil Shale
      - Colorado, Utah & Wyoming
      - mostly undeveloped until oil prices rise greatly
  - - - targets how much energy is used
    - - focus on amount of energy produced