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CHAPTER 4: DISEASES ACQUIRED THROUGH THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - Coggle…
CHAPTER 4: DISEASES ACQUIRED THROUGH THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Upper Respiratory
Colonized by many
microorganisms
Nose
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Tonsils
Mucous membrane
Common cold
Caused by rhinoviruses and coronavirus
Route of transmission
Droplet
Direct contact
Pathogenesis
Virus infect respiratory epithelium, inflamed and mucus production
Diagnosis
Clinical diagnosis
Treatment & Prevention
Symptomatic relief
Good hygiene
Avoid direct contact with infected person
Signs and Symptoms
Sneezing
Runny nose
Congestion
Sore throat
Cough
Mild fever
Lower Respiratory
Typically microorganisms are not present
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Alveoli
Diaphragm
Can cause bacterial and viral pneumonia
Viral Pneumonia
An infection of the lungs caused by various viruses, leading to inflammation and fluid accumulation in the air sacs (alveoli).
COVID-19 Pneumonia
Influenza Pneumonia
Signs and symptoms
Cough (which may be dry or produce mucus)
Fever
Chills
Fatigue
Headache
Sore throat
Chest pain
Difficulty of breathing
Pathogenesis
Inhalation of the virus
Infection of the respiratory tract
Replication of the virus
Inflammation
Fluid accumulation
Secondary bacterial infection
Diagnosis for viral pneumonia
Clinical diagnosis
Blood tests
Pulse oximetry
Imaging
Treatment for viral pneumonia
Antiviral medications
Oxygen therapy
IV fluids
Bacterial Pneumonia
Caused by
Streptococcus pneumoniae
,
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Route of transmission
Droplet
aspiration of contaminated oral secretion
Pathogenesis
Bacterial infect lungs cause inflammation fluid accumulate in alveoli.
Signs and Symptoms
Diagnosis for bacterial pneumonia
Sputum test
Chest xray
Treatment
Antibiotic