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UNIT 4 - MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION - Coggle Diagram
UNIT 4 - MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
characterized by an acute onset of myocardial ischemia that results in myocardial death if definitive interventions do not occur promptly
Unstable angina: reduced blood flow in a coronary artery often due to ruptured atherosclerotic plaque, but the artery is not completely occluded
This is an acute situation sometimes referred to as preinfarction angina
also called coronary occlucion or heart attack
CAUSES
Rupture of plaque and subsequent thrombus formation
vasospasm of a coronary artery
decreased oxygen supply
increased demand for oxygen
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
area of infarction develops over minutes to hours
as the cells are deprived of oxygen, ischemia develops, cellular injury occurs
the lack of oxygen results in death of cells
"time is muscle" reflects the urgency of appropriate treatment to improve patient outcomes
ECG identifies:
the type and location of MI
Q wave and patient history identifying the time
GOAL OF MEDICAL THERAPY
to prevent or minimize myocardial tissue death and prevent complications
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
sudden chest pain, despite rest and meds
indigestion
shortness of breath
nausea
anxiety
ASSESSMENT & DIAGNOSIS
History
ECG
Echocardiogram
laboratory tests
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
administer o2 via vasal prong
position pt in semi-fowler's position
emphasize medication adherance
continuously monitor ECG, vitals and o2 saturation
encourage rest and gradual activity resumption