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Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Phonetics, Implicit Bias - Coggle Diagram
Phonology
Example: In the words "pat" and "bat," changing the first sound makes a whole new word with a different meaning.
Non-example: A letter that does not make a sound by itself, like the letter "X" on its own.
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Characteristics:
1) Phonology is the study of how sounds fit together in a language.
2) It looks at where sounds go, how some sounds are stressed more than others, and the rise and fall of pitch in speech.
3) A key part of phonology is the phoneme, which is the smallest sound in a language.
Morphology
Example: "Unhappiness" – the main word is "happy," with "un-" at the beginning and "-ness" at the end.
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Definition: Morphology is the study of how words are made, including how parts like prefixes, roots, and suffixes come together to create words.
Characteristics:
1) Morphology studies morphemes, the smallest parts of a word that have meaning (like “un-” in “undo” or “-ed” in “walked”).
2) It shows how different forms of a word are made.
3) Morphology helps learners figure out how to build and break down words.
Syntax
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Definition: Syntax is the set of rules that tells us how to arrange words to make sentences, including the order of words and how sentences are structured.
Characteristics:
1) Shows how words are arranged to form sentences and phrases.
2) In English, the typical order is Subject-Verb-Object, like "The cat (subject) chased (verb) the mouse (object)."
3) Other languages use different rules; for example, in German, the verb is often at the end of the sentence.
Phonetics
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Definition: Phonetics is the study of speech sounds, including how people produce them, how they move through the air, and how they are heard.
Characteristics:
1) Phonetics looks at how we make sounds (articulation), how sounds travel through the air (acoustics), and how we hear them (auditory perception).
2) Phonetic symbols show how sounds are made, and these symbols can be different in each language.
3)It helps learners say words correctly in a second language.
Implicit Bias
Examples:
1) A hiring manager might accidentally favor people from a certain racial or ethnic group, even though they believe in fairness for all.
2) A teacher may unknowingly call on boys more than girls, even though they support gender equality.
3) A person might unknowingly think of older people as weak or unable, which affects how they treat them.
Non-examples:
1) Obvious bias (a deliberate and conscious prejudice against a group).
2) Treating people fairly based on their individual abilities, not their group identity.
3) Choosing a job candidate only based on their qualifications, without being influenced by stereotypes like race or gender.
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Definition: Implicit bias is when we have unconscious beliefs or stereotypes that affect how we see things, act, and make decisions without us realizing it. These biases influence how we interact with people and understand situations without us being aware of it.
Characteristics:
1) It happens on its own, without meaning to.
2) It can be good or bad.
3) It's often influenced by society's stereotypes.
4) It's hard to control and can influence decisions in areas like hiring, school, law, and healthcare.
5) It may not match what a person says they believe or value.
