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Alterations in Elimination - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Disease process associated with: Urinary Incontinence
        
        Treatment/(s):
        
        Bladder Training
        
        Surgical intervention in females to provide structural anatomical support of bladder and urethra
      - Cause
        
        Impaired neural control of urinary elimination
        
        Exaggerated neural responses can cause premature release of urine
        
        Decreased neural responses can cause limited or absent ability of body to eliminate urine
    - - Cause
        
        Some form of a blockage in the urinary passageways
        
        Cause a buildup of pressure behind the obstruction which can cause damage structurally as well as impair function, or lead to infection
        
        Can be caused by scar tissue, adhesions, a tumor, inflammation, or urine precipitation
      - Disease process associated with: Urolithiasis (kidney stone)
        
        Treatment/(s):
        
        Supportive care through pain meds and fluids to promote movement of stone through urinary tracts
        
        Surgical removal via: ESWL or percutaneous nephrolithotomy
    - - Cause
        
        Urinary motility is the movement of urine through the kidneys to the bladder and out the body
        
        Can be caused by a low flow rate, precipitation, or an issue with the body's urinary peristalsis mechanism
      - Disease process associated with: Pyelonephritis
        
        Treatment/(s):
        
        Antibiotics to treat infection
        
        Additional supportive care including increased fluids and pain medications
    - - Cause
        
        Impaired oxygenation of tissues causes ischemia and infarction
        
        Due to: inadequate vascular volume, constriction of arterioles, or an obstruction in the arterial supply
      - Disease process associated with: Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
        
        Treatment/(s):
        
        Supportive care including medications to promote renal protection, diet modifications, HTN management, pain control
        
        More intensive treatments include dialysis and kidney transplant
        
        **PKD is a great example of a clinical disease that can be caused by a combination of many alterations in urinary fxn
- - - - Cause
        
        Alteration in neural transduction or muscle responsiveness, can be due to abdominal surgery, spinal trauma, or electrolyte imbalances
      - Disease process associated with: Neurogenic Bowel: Spinal cord injury resulting in loss of neurological fxn of bowels
        
        Treatment/(s):
        
        Supportive care
        
        Colostomy to improve bowel management
    - - Cause
        
        Can be due to a tumor, polyp, or impacted feces
      - Disease process associated with: Bowel obstruction
        
        Treatment/(s):
        
        Surgical intervention to remove obstruction
        
        Insertion of NG tube to attempt to non-surgically reduce obstruction by removing gastric contents and allowing bowel to rest
        
        Can be partially or fully obstructed
    - - Cause
        
        Certain foods can alter transit time of stool if they irritate the GI tract, leading to either increased transit time (can cause constipation due to increased water absorption), or decreased transit time (less formed stool, decreased nutrient and water absorption)
      - Disease process associated with: Diverticulitis causing slower motility of bowel
        
        Treatment/(s):
        
        Antibiotics and anti-inflammatories to help with inflammation and infection of diverticulum
        
        Diet modifications to include increase in fiber and water intake #