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DISEASES ACQUIRED THROUGH RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - Coggle Diagram
DISEASES ACQUIRED THROUGH RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
DIPHTHERIA
Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Symptoms like sore throat ,localized pain,fever, pharyngitis and oozing ffluid in throat.
Spread via respiratory droplet or skin contact.
Diagnosis is based on presence of pseudomembrane
Intramuscular penicilin
Immunization is an effective prevention.
Primary Atypical Pneumonia
Symptoms like fever, malaise, excessive sweating and persistent coughing
Caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Bacteria spread by nasal secretions
Treated with erythromycine and doxycycline
Basic sanitization but prevention is difficult since infected individuals might be asymptomatic.
Streptococcal Respiratory Disease
Caused by Group A Streptococci
Spread via respiratory droplets
Occurs most often in winter and spring.
Oral penicillin is an effective treatment.
Virulence factor: M protein, hyaluronic acid capsule , streptolysin
RHINOSINUSITIS AND OTITIS MEDIA
Rhinosinusitis An inflammation of the nasal cavities and the paranasal sinuses
Otits media:Inflammation or infection located in the middle ear.
Symptoms like malaise accompanied by headaches, and inflamed nasal passages
Caused by various respiratory microbiota.
No known way to prevent rhinosunsitis.
Otitis media :Omixillin
Flushing nasal and sinus cavities with saline solution can reduce symptoms duration.
COMMON COLD
Symptoms like runny nose , congestion , sore throat and cough
Caused by virus within genus Enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae
Pleconaril can reduce duration of symptoms
Preventive measures like hand antisepsis.
STREPTOCOCCAL PNEUMOIA
Symptoms like fever, chills cough, chest pain, rapid breathing and rust coloured sputum.
Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Diagnosed by identifying diplococci in sputum smear.
Penicillin for treatment.
Vaccination for prevention.
KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIA
Symptoms like coughing , fever and chest pain and destruction of alveoli.
Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Diagnosed by sputum samples.
Treated with antimicrobial drugs + rest + fever reducing drugs.
Prevention involves good aseptic technique by healthcare workers.
LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE
Symptoms like fever, chills, a dry non-productive cough and pleurisy
Caused by Legionella pneumophilia
Diagnosed with fluorescent antibody staining or serology
Intravenous doxycycline or or quinolone
Treatment of water with chlorine or heat does not eliminate the bacteria.
Tuberculosis
Symptoms initially limited to cough and mild fever
Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Chest X-ray can identify tubercles in lung
BCG vaccine for prevention
Treatment requires combination of drugs
Pertussis
Symptoms like runny nose, mild fevr, slight cough , vomiting and choking.
Caused by Bordatella pertussis
Highly contagious and spread through airborne droplets in air.
Progresses through 4 stages.
Symptoms are usually diagnostic
Treatment is primarilty supportive
Prevention with DTaP vaccine