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Ventricular septal defect(VSD) - Coggle Diagram
Ventricular septal defect(VSD)
Defined by
opening in the interventricular septum, allowing blood flow between left and right ventricles
Complications
Eisenmenger syndrome
Heart failure
Arrhythmias
Pulmonary vascular disease
Types
Membranous (located in upper sternum)
Muscular (found in lower, muscular portion of the septum)
Inlet (located near atrioventricular valves)
Outlet ( near ventriculoarterial)
Etiology
Congenital due to developmental abnormalities in the heart
Genetics(down syndrome)
Pathophysiology
Left-to-right shunt leading increased pulmonary flow
Volume overload leading to RV/LV enlargement
Pulmonary hypertension leading to Eisenmenger syndrome(in severe cases)
Clinical Manifestations
Small VSD( Asymptomatic)
Large VSD
Murmur
tachypnea
feeding difficulty
poor growth
Diagnosis
Physical examination
Harsh holosystolic murmur at the left lower sternal border.
Echocardiography( gold standard)
Confirms VSD size/location
ECG/X-Ray
RV/LV hypertrophy, increased lung markings
Management
Monitoring
Medications fo symptomatic relief
Surgical repair
Antibiotic prophylaxis