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EXAM 3 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Androecium (2 whorles of ANTHERS)
      - Gynoecium (5+ CARPALS) #
    - - Herbacious
      - Aquatic
    - - Amborella
      - Dioecious (male OR female) #
    - - Indefinite number of parts
      - Floral axis shortened
      - Ovary/carpal moved inferior/deeper into plant for protection
      - Perianth differentiated
        
        Calyx (leaf like)
        
        Corolla (Petals)
      - Irregular type of symmetry
  - - - Complete = all 4 floral appendages
        
        Petals (corolla)
        
        Attract pollinator
        
        Androecium (male)
        
        Anther and filament
        
        =Stamen
        
        microsporocyte = microspore = microgametophyte (pollen grain)
        
        Sepals (Calyx)
        
        protect bud
        
        Gynoecium (female)
        
        Megasporophyll
        
        Carpals
        
        Stigma catch pollen grain
        
        Megaspore produced in ovary
        
        ovule holds egg and then develop into seed
      - Perfect = both sexes
  - - - Inferior
        
        Carpal below
      - Superior
        
        Carpel above
      - Hypogynous
        
        Perianth and stamen are on receptacle above ovary/carpel
      - Epigynous
        
        Perianth and stamen come from top of Carpal/ovary
      - Perigynous
        
        Adnate to calyx
    - - Missing a whorl of organs
      - Hermaphroditic = Perfect
        
        All both sex flowers
      - Monoecious
        
        plant has male flowers and female flowers
        
        Andromonoecious
        
        Plant has male and unisex flowers
        
        Gynoecious
        
        Plant has female and unisex flowers
      - Dioecious
        
        Plant has all male flowers OR all female flowers
        
        Androecious = all male
        
        Gynoecious = all female
      - Trimonoecious
        
        All male, female and both sex flowers on 1 plant
  - - - Color
      - Scents
      - Shape
        
        Actinomorphic = radial symmetry
        
        Zygomorphic = Bilateral or irregular
      - Bloom time
        
        Diurnal (day)
        
        Nocturnal (Night)
      - Reward
        
        Nectar, pollen and oil
    - - Abiotitc
        
        Anemophily
        
        Wind
        
        Stamen and stigma exposed to air
        
        Hydrophily
        
        Water
      - Biotic
        
        Meiltophily
        
        Bee
        
        Sweet fragrance and bright
        
        Psychophily
        
        Butterfly
        
        Bright and cluster with landing platform
        
        Phaelonophily
        
        Moth :
        
        White, heavy scent, nocturnal
        
        Myophily
        
        Fly
        
        Dark colour, horrible odor, traps
        
        Ornithophily
        
        Bird
        
        Recurved petals, no scent, bright
        
        Chiropterophily
        
        Bat
        
        Nocturnal, Fragrant, white, large
        
        Cantherophily
        
        Beetle
        
        Sexual organ exposed, fruity
  - - - endosperm nucleus divides into endosperm #
      - Zygote develops into embryo
      - Integument develop to seed coat #
      - Ovary wall and other structures develop into fruit
        
        Ovary wall develops into Pericarp
        
        Exocarp "Skin"
        
        Mesocarp "Eat"
        
        Endocarp "Protect seed"
    - - Has accessory tissue besides ovary
      - Simple (1 ovary)
        
        Dehiscent (Splits at maturity
        
        Indehiscent (Doesnt split
        
        Apple
      - Aggragate
        
        Multiple ovaries
        
        Apocarpous gynoecium # #
        
        Flower with lots of carpals
        
        Raspberry
      - Multiple
        
        Many flowers packed together
        
        Pineapple
      - Parthenocarpic fruits
        
        Development without fertilization or seed development
        
        Banana
  - - - Ligtweight
      - Parachute/winged
    - - Buoyant with airspace
    - - Gravity and explosive
    - - Active
        
        Seed passes through gut or is regurgiated
      - Passive
        
        Hook
        
        Cathc on fur or hoof
        
        Velcro
- - - - Step 1
        
        Step 2
        
        Leaves
        
        Water potential from mesophyll draws water from xylem
        
        Water evaporates from intercellular space+open stomata
        
        Starts domino effect of water potential differences
        
        Step 3
        
        Root hairs
        
        Hypotonic to hypertonic
        
        Surface Area
        
        Step 4
        
        Filtration
        
        Water enters root hair and makes make through symplastic or apoplastic pathway to endodermis
        
        1 more item...
        
        Step 5
        
        Cohesion
        
        1 more item...
        
        Stomata
        
        Movement out of open stomata = Water potential difference
        
        Closed at stress and night
  - - - = Water potential difference to water moves into sieve element from xylem #
        
        = turgor pressure forces sucrose out to nearest sink by companion cell
- - - - evolved from shoot apex
      - Gymnosperm nucellus apex similar to shoot apex
    - - Protection
        
        Integument
      - Pollen capture
        
        Micropyle
        
        Pollen chamber
      - Heterospory
      - Nucellus
  - - - Pollen chamber (programmed death) and Micropyle
  - - - no flagelated sperm
      - pollen with air bladder
    - - Microgametophyte develops within microsporocyte wall
  - - - 1 integument
      - eg, Pine
    - - 2 integuments
      - Double fertilization
        
        Pollen tube grows down style
        
        Generative cell divides = 2 sperm cell
        
        sperm is released
        
        1 fuses with egg (2n) #
        
        1 sperm fuses with polar nuclei (3n) (endosperm)
      - Furniculum
      - eg. Lily
      - Monocots
        
        1 cotyldeon
        
        integument becomes seed coat
        
        lots of endosperm
      - Eudicots
        
        2 cotyledons #
        
        integument becomes seed coat #
        
        lots of endosperm