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b3 (definitions, Bile, Human digestive system, digestive enzymes, enzymes…
b3
definitions
active site- the part of an enzyme where the reaction takes place, very specific in shape, to allow a specific substrate into the active site
denature- to change the shape of the active site of an enzyme . This occurs when an enzyme's temperature it too high or at the wrong pH for the enzyme
digestive enzyme- enzyme that works in the digestive system, breaking down large food molecules into simpler, smaller molecules for absorption into the blood
substrate- the molecule that fits into an enzymes active site and reacts to make or a product or products
enzymes- a biological catalyst that speeds up the chemical reaction in a living organism
carbohydrate- a type of molecule found in all living things. Made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Simple sugars like glucose are carbohydrates, and so are complex sugars like starch
lipids- scientific name for fats, composed of glycerol and fatty acids
protein- type of molecules made from amino acids. Proteins in the body can be structural or metabolic
Bile
made in liver
released into small intestine after stomach
alkaline to neutralise stomach acid and make partly digested food ph 8, this is optimum
emulsifies fats, breaks them into droplets, increasing their surface area, increasing rate of digestion via lipase
Human digestive system
breaks down food into molecules our body can actually use and absorbs the simpler molecules resulting from digestion
products of digestion are used to make new molecules need and glucose is used in respiration
the organs are the mouth, oesophagus, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, appendix, salivary glands, stomach, large intestine, rectum, anus
digestive enzymes
carbohydrase
takes action in the mouth and the small intestine
substrate- complex carbohydrates
produced at the salivary glands, pancreas and small intsestine wall
produces simple sugars
protease
takes action in the stomach and small intestine
substrate- proteins
produced at the stomach, pancreas, small intestine wall
produces amino acids
lipase
takes action in the small intestine
substrate- lipids/fats
produced at the pancreas and the small intestine wall
produces glycerol and fatty acids
enzymes and digestions
enzymes are large proteins
all organisms are used to control chemical reactions. These enzymes are called catalysts
enzymes speed up chemical reactions.
They work by having an active site with a specific shape. and the reaction takes place, so the shape of the active site is very important, and only one sort of enzyme will work on each substrate