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Socio: Deviance - recognized violation of cultural norms Crime: violation…
Socio: Deviance - recognized violation of cultural norms
Crime: violation of societies law
Social Control
- attempts to regulate people's behavior
Biology and Personality
Cesare Lombroso: theorized criminals stand out physically
william Sheldon: general body structure might predict criminality
Deviance viewed as the unsuccessful of "socialization"
Reckless and Dinitz - containment theory
Culture
- Deviance varies accoding to cultural norms
Foundations
no thought or action is inherently deviant it is wrong bc of its association with society and ego
people become deviant as other define them that way
Durkheim insight -
deviance affrims cultural norms and values
Merton
type of deviant depends on whether society provides the means to achieve goals otherwise deviance is more ecommon
Types:
innovation
ritualism
retreaism
rebellion
Deviant Subcultures
cloward and ohlin
- crime results from limited oppurtunity
Cohen
- deliquency most common amongst ppl with less oppurtunities
Miller
- delinquent subcultures characterized by trouble toughness, smartness....
Anderson
- in poor neighborhoods most ppl conform to convetional values
Theories
Lableing Theory
Deviance and conformity result in how people respon/label
stigma
: powerful negative label it is the consequence for being deviant
*Retrospective - analyzing a people's past to detrmine why their actions now (sexual assault)
projective - analyzing a person's identity for their actions now
Sutherland's - person's tendency to be deiant depends on influence from others around
Hirschi Control - people are deviant bc of hedonistism
Crime
1.The act itself
Criminal intent
White collar crime
- crime inside of job
corporate crime
- takes place at the top of the hierarchy( faulty products)
organized crime
- corporations means for crime (prostitution)
Criminal Stats
Uniformed Criminal Rates(UCR) gathered by fbi and cdc
Violent Crime Rate(VCR)
Street Criminal Profile:
Age
: peak in late teens falls when older
gender
: Men more likely for property crime and violent
Social Class: lower class position higher chance
Ethnicity
Guns
U.S. 2nd highest gun violent country
Reasons - culture emphaiszes individual success, economic inequality, differences in gun control
Courts
:
Plea Bargaining - legal negotiation which prosecutor recudes charge if admitting they're guilty