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Vowels: Do not cause constriction to airflow - Coggle Diagram
Vowels: Do not cause constriction to airflow
Parameters
Height: Tongue height
High, mid, and low
Backness: Tongue backness
Front, central, and back
Rounding: Lip rounding
Round and not round
For English, all round vowels are found at the back
Tenseness
Tense: Higher, less centralised, tends to be longer
Lax: Lower, more centralised, tends to be shorter
The thongs
Diphthong: Movement of the tongue from one position to another
[aɪ], [aʊ], and [ɔɪ]
Vs monophthong: Vowel that maintains constant position
Vs diphthongised vowels: The movement of the tongue is too small to be considered a real diphthong
The tongue moves a LITTLE for SOME people
AND the movement does not change the meaning of the word
[eɪ], [oʊ]
Dialectal variation
Vowel space is continuous
Changes
Vowel mergers: Adjacent vowels merge into a single vowel
Vowel shifts: Vowels change positions to increase perceptual differences