Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Consonants: Involves constricting the airflow in some way - Coggle Diagram
Consonants: Involves constricting the airflow in some way
Why IPA
There is no one-to-one correspondence between letters and sounds, hence the creation of IPA
Universal, one-to-one correspondence to be used for all spoken languages
Place: Where is the airflow obstructed
Labio-dental: Lips and teeth
Teeth: Inter-dental
Alveolar: Alveolar ridge
Post-alveolar: Post-alveolar region
Palatal: Hard palate
Velar: Velum
Bilabial: Lips
Glottal: Glottis (vocal folds)
Manner: How is the airflow obstructed
Stops: Airflow blocked in the mouth
Plosives
Complete closure in oral cavity, velum raised
Air cannot escape from vocal tract --> Build up of pressure behind closure --> Suddenly released
Nasal
Complete closure of oral cavity, velum lowered
Air cannot escape from oral cavity --> Escapes continuously from nasal cavity
Fricatives: Narrow constriction --> Turbulence (friction) in airflow
Affricates: Single sound beginning as a plosive and then ending as a fricative
Approximants: Articulators approximate each other, but not closely enough to create turbulence in airflow
Central approximants: Air flows through center of the mouth
Lateral approximants: Tongue tip touches alveolar ridge, but tongue lowered at sides so air can flow through sides without turbulence
Flap/Tap: Tongue briefly taps roof of the mouth
Voicing: Voiced if there's vibration at throat
Voiced: Vocal folds are gently touching and vibrate as air pushes against them
Voiceless: Vocal folds held far apart --> No vibration as air passes through