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Bacteria ALL - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Staph A (Cocci)
        
        Tests
        
        Blood Agar
        
        Appearance
        
        Yellow/Gold
        
        Catalase Test
        
        Positive
        
        Coagulase (Fibrinogen to Fibrin)
        
        Positive
        
        Beta Hemolysis
        
        Positive
        
        Mannitol Salt Agar
        
        Yellow (Positive)
        
        Diseases
        
        Inflammatory
        
        Pneumonia (Icosahedron) (secondary infection)
        
        Septic [Arthritis]
        
        Acute Bacterial Endocarditis (IVDU)
        
        Presentation
        
        Constitutional Symptoms
        
        Tricuspid Regurgitation
        
        Septic Emboli
        
        4 more items...
        
        Folliculitis
        
        Furuncles/Carbuncles
        
        Purulent Cellulitis
        (fluid)
        
        Pathophys
        
        Minor trauma leading to deep dermal and subcutaneous tissue infections
        
        Presentation
        
        2 more items...
        
        Toxin Mediated
        
        Toxin Mediated
        
        Toxic Shock Syndrome
        
        Staph Toxin
        
        1 more item...
        
        Bullous Impetigo
        
        Presentation
        
        3 more items...
        
        Pathophys
        
        1 more item...
        
        Gastroenteritis
        
        Staph Toxin
        
        1 more item...
        
        Risk Factor
        
        1 more item...
        
        Presentation
        
        3 more items...
        
        Soft Tissue Necrosis
        (Clostridium also)
        
        Pathophys
        
        2 more items...
        
        Presentation
        
        2 more items...
        
        RX
        
        1 more item...
        
        Differential diagnosis
        
        2 more items...
        
        Staphylococcal Scolded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)
        
        Pathophys
        
        3 more items...
        
        Presentations
        
        3 more items...
        
        Differential diagnosis :red_flag:
        
        2 more items...
        
        Osteomyelitis
        
        BONE
        
        Osteomyelitis
        
        Histo
        
        1 more item...
        
        Morphology
        
        1 more item...
        
        Complications
        
        4 more items...
        
        Additional bacteria: Salmonella spp.
        
        Diagnosis
        
        3 more items...
        
        Risk Factors
        
        3 more items...
        
        Enzymes
        
        Catalase
        
        Prevents host HOCl radical formation
        
        NADPH Oxidase Deficency (CGD)
        
        Coagulase
        
        Hemolysins
        
        Hyaluronidase
        
        Penicillinase
        
        Breaks Beta-Lactam of Penicillins
        
        Polypeptides
        
        Protein A
        
        Bind Fc Region (IgG)
        
        Decreased C3b
        
        Modified Penicillin-binding protein (MRSA)
        
        Antibiotics
        
        MSSA Penicillinase-Sensitive
        
        Penicillin
        
        MSSA Penicillinase-Resistant
        
        Oxacillin
        
        Nafcillin
        
        Penicillin Allergy?
        
        Clindamycin
        
        MRSA
        
        Vancomycin
        
        Linezolid
        
        Daptomycin
      - Staph Epi
        
        General
        
        Gram Positive Cocci (Clusters)
        
        Does not ferment Mannitol (vs. Staph A)
        
        Novobiocin Sensitive (vs. Staph A)
        
        Gamma-Hemolytic (vs. Staph A)
        
        Enzymes
        
        Catalase
        
        Urease
        
        Kidney Stones
        
        Coagulase (-) Vs. Staph A.
        
        Toxins
        
        PSM Peptide Toxin
        
        Methicillin Resistance
        
        Foreign Body Infections
        
        Fibrinogen + Fibronectin Host Protein Coating
        
        Binding Site for Staph Epi
        
        Extracellular Polysaccharide Matrix Forms
        
        Biofilm
        
        Seeding into systemic Circulation
        
        Catheter, central line, Prosthetic Valves, cardiac devices, VP Shunt
        
        Antibiotics
        
        Methicillin Sensitive
        
        Oxacillin
        
        Nafcillin
        
        Clindamycin
        
        Methicillin Resistance
        
        Vancomycin
        
        Daptomycin
      - Staph Sap
        
        General
        
        Gram Positive Cocci (Clusters)
        
        Does not ferment mannitol (vs. Staph A)
        
        Novobiocin Resistant (vs. Staph Epi)
        
        Facultative Anaerobe
        
        Enzymes
        
        Catalase, Urease (Does not reduce nitrate to nitrite)
        
        Coagulase (-)
        
        UTI (uncomplicated)
        
        2nd most common cause (1st is ecoli)
        
        Increased Urinary Frequency, urgency, dysuria, hematuria, suprapubic tenderness
        
        Nitrite Negative
        
        Antibiotics
        
        Nitrofurantoin
        
        Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
  - - - Beta Hemolytic
        
        Strep Pyogenes (GAS) Bacitracin Sensitive (Beta Hemolytic)
        
        Characteristic
        
        Produces
        
        Hyaluronic Acid
        
        Diseases
        
        Inflammatory
        
        Cellulitis and Erysipelas
        
        Erysipelas
        
        3 more items...
        
        Non-Purulent Cellulitis
        (no fluid)
        
        3 more items...
        
        Impetigo (Staph A also)
        
        General
        
        3 more items...
        
        Superficial Impetigio
        
        3 more items...
        
        Pharyngitis (Strep Throat)
        
        Toxin Mediated
        
        Scarlett Fever
        
        Pressentations
        
        7 more items...
        
        Pathophys
        
        1 more item...
        
        RX
        
        1 more item...
        
        Necrotizing Fasciitis
        
        Also caused by
        
        1 more item...
        
        Infectious Agent
        
        4 more items...
        
        Presentation
        
        3 more items...
        
        Virulence Factor
        
        Streptolysin O (causes Beta-Hemolytic)
        
        Streptokinase (Plasminogen to Plasmin)
        
        Pharm Clinical Use Fibrinolytic
        
        MOA
        
        1 more item...
        
        Indications
        
        1 more item...
        
        Contraindications
        
        1 more item...
        
        Antidote
        
        1 more item...
        
        Strep Agalactiae (GBS) Bacitracin Resistant (Beta Hemolytic)
        
        Tests
        
        Hippurate
        
        Positive
        
        CAMP
        
        Positive
        
        Disease
        
        Neonatal
        
        Meningitis
        
        Sepsis
        
        Pneumonia
      - Alpha Hemolytic
        
        Strep Pneumoniae (Alpha Hemolytic)
        
        Disease
        
        Disease
        
        MOPS
        
        Pneumonia
        
        Sinusitis
        
        Otitis Media
        
        Menigitis
        
        General
        
        Lancet-Shaped Diplococci (Pairs or Chains)
        
        Catalase Negative
        
        Optochin Sensitive
        
        Facultative anaerobe
        
        Bile Soluble
        
        Neufeld-Quellung Reaction Positive (Capsular Serotyping)
        
        Pathogenesis
        
        Nasopharynx Colonization
        
        Polysaccharide capsule (prevents phagocytosis)
        
        IgA1 Protease (Cleves Mucosal IgA)
        
        Pili (adherence to cell surface - increases inflammation)
        
        Drug-Resistant S. Pneumonia (DRSP)
        
        Penicillin Resistance (Altered PBP)
        
        Antibiotics
        
        Pneumonia + Penicillinase Sensitive
        
        Penicillin
        
        Amoxicillin
        
        Azithromycin
        
        Levofloxacin
        
        Pneumonia + Penicillinase Resistant
        
        Vancomycin
        
        Acute Otitis Media
        
        Amoxicillin-Clavulanate
        
        Meningitis
        
        Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin
        
        Vaccinations
        
        IgG Pneumococcal Conjugate (PCV13, 15, 20)
        
        Infants and Elderly
        
        IgM Pneumococcal Capsule (PPSV23)
        
        Risk Factors
        
        Asplenia
        
        Strep Viridans (Heart Valves)
  - - - Tests
        
        Tellurite Blood Agar
        
        Positve
        
        ELEK Test (Tests for Diphtheria Toxin)
        
        Positive
        
        Loeffler Serum Agar
  - - - Test
        
        CAMP
      - Disease
        
        Meningitis
        
        CSF content
        
        Neutrophil
        
        Lymphocytes
        
        Presentaton
        
        Poor muscle tone
        
        CNS symptoms
        
        Fever
      - Risk Factor
        
        Unpasteurized milk
  - - - Disease
        
        Abscesses
        
        Cutaneous Oral-Cervicofacial Abscess-Actinomycosis
        
        Acute Phase
        
        Painful Cellulitis
        
        Chronic Phase
        
        Dense Fibrotic Lesions (Wooden or Lumpy Jaw)
        
        Mycetoma
        
        Granuloma Formation
        
        Chronic Subcutaneous Infection
        
        Hematogenous Spread
        
        Local site to abdomen/thighs/bone/lungs
      - Resevoir
      - Transmission
      - Risk Factors
      - Treatment
      - Microscopic
        
        Branching Gram Positive (sulfur Granules)
  - - - Description
        
        Gram (+) Diplococci
      - Disease
        
        Meningitis
        
        Presentation
        
        Stiff neck
        
        headache
        
        High Fever
  - - - Infectious agents (occludes Neutrophils)
        
        VF-Enzymatic Toxins
        
        alpha-toxin (Lecithinase)
        
        Phospholipase C (PLC)
        
        Activates Hemolysis + Necrosis
      - Diagnosis
        
        Blood Culture + Toxin
        
        Lecithinase + Alpha-Toxin
        
        Nagler Reaction
      - Reservoir: Soil + Human colon
      - Treatment
        
        Penicillin G
        
        Hyperbaric oxygen
        
        Surgical debridement
      - Presentation
        
        Cellulitis Painful Inflammation
        
        Crackling sound when touched
- - - - H. Pylori (NOT MSK)
    - - Optimal Growth (37-42C)
        
        C. Jejuni (Not MSK)
      - Optimal Growth (Alkaline,salt)
        
        Vibrio "Salt Water"
        
        Sucrose Fermenter (+)
        
        Vibrio Cholerae (Msk) (Non-Lactose Fermenter) (non-inflammatory)
        
        Media
        
        Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose
        
        1 more item...
        
        Pathogenesis
        
        Cholera Toxin increases Gs which upregulates Adenylate Cyclase Activation causing Increased Intracellular cAMP leading to high Cl- and H2O secretion into the lumen
        
        Disease
        
        Cholera-Toxin Mediated Disease
        
        1 more item...
        
        Sucrose Fermenter (-)
        
        Vibrio Vulnificus (MSK) (Lactose Fermenter) (Inflammatory)
        
        Media
        
        Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salt Sucrose Agar
        
        1 more item...
        
        Pathogenesis
        
        Hemolysins, Cytolysins, Metalloproteases causes cell invasion
        
        Toxin
        
        1 more item...
        
        Risk factors:
        
        2 more items...
        
        Disease
        
        Dysentery
        
        Necrotizing Wound Infections
        
        Septic Shock
        
        Cellulitis leading to Bullous Lesions leading to Necrotizing Fasciitis
        
        RX
        
        3rd Generation Cephalosporins
        
        1 more item...
        
        Both Vibrio
        
        General
        
        Iron Enrichment Increases Growth (Think Fe+ in blood)
        
        Facultative Anaerobe
        
        Polar Flagella
        
        Locations Found
        
        Saltwater, Brackish Marine Water
        
        Raw Shellfish
        
        Toxin
        
        LPS Endotoxin
  - - - Fast (+)
        
        Motile (+)
        
        Indole (+)
        
        E. Coli
        
        Indole (-)
        
        Enterobacter
        
        Motile (-)
        
        Klebsiella (NOT MSK)
      - Fast (-)
        
        Indole (+)
        
        Citrobacter (Not MSK)
        
        Indole (-)
        
        Serratia Marcescens (NOT MSK)
    - - Oxidase (+)
        
        Visualized on Gram Stain (+)
        
        Pseudomonas (MSK) "Pool/Freshwater/Needles"
        
        General
        
        Tests
        
        Media
        
        1 more item...
        
        Triple Sugar Iron Test
        
        1 more item...
        
        Metabolism
        
        Facultative Anaerobe (Prefers Aerobic) :red_flag:
        
        Non-Glucose Fermenter
        
        Non-H2S
        
        Appearance/Additional
        
        Grape-like/sweet odor
        
        Encapsulated (Mucoid Polysaccharide) :red_flag:
        
        Biofilm Producing :red_flag:
        
        Pathogenesis
        
        Toxin Mediated
        
        Endotoxin A :red_flag:
        
        1 more item...
        
        LPS Endotoxin :red_flag:
        
        1 more item...
        
        Pyoverdine and Pyocyanin
        
        1 more item...
        
        Enzyme Mediated
        
        Phospholipase C :red_flag:
        
        3 more items...
        
        Diseases
        
        Water Contamination
        
        Hot-Tub Folliculitis
        
        1 more item...
        
        Otitis Externa (Swimmer's Ear)
        
        1 more item...
        
        Corneal Ulcers (Contacts)
        
        1 more item...
        
        Medical Device
        
        Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
        
        1 more item...
        
        UTI
        
        1 more item...
        
        Toxin Mediated
        
        Ecthyma Gangrenosum
        
        1 more item...
        
        Secondary
        
        Osteomyelitis
        
        Recurrent Pneumonia (Cystic Fibrosis)
        
        Malignant Otitis Externa (Elderly)
        
        RX
        
        Piperacillin-Tazobactam
        
        Ticarcillin-clavulanate
        
        Ceftazidime
        
        Cefepime
        
        Visualized on Gram Stain (-)
        
        Legionella (Not MSK)
      - Oxidase (-)
        
        H2S (+)
        
        Urease (+)
        
        Proteus (NOT MSK)
        
        Urease (-)
        
        Salmonella (MSK) :warning:
        
        H2S (-)
        
        Urease (+)
        
        Yersinia Enterocolitica (NOT MSK)
        
        Urease (-)
        
        Bipolar Staining (+)
        
        Yersinia Pestis (NOT Msk)
        
        Bipolar Staining (-)
        
        Shigella (MSK) :warning: