Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Disorder of Cardiac Structure: Cardiomyopathy - Coggle Diagram
Disorder of Cardiac Structure:
Cardiomyopathy
Definition
These diseases can change the
heart's shape, size, and ability to work
Cause is unknown
Primary cardiomyopathies
Secondary cardiomyopathies
Diverse group of disorders that
affect the heart muscles itself making it harder for the heart to pump blood effectively
Etiology
Causes vary depending on its type but can include
Toxins
Excessive alcohol use, drug abuse, or exposure to certain
chemotherapy drugs
Endocrine disorders
Conditions like DM , hyperthyroidism, or
hypothyroidism
Infective causes
Viral, bacterial or parasitic infections
Autoimmune diseases
SLE or RA
Ischemic causes
Reduced blood flow due to CAD
Nutritional deficiencies
Deficiencies in essential vitamins like
thiamine
Idiopathic
Cause remains unknown
Genetic factors
Family history or inherited genetic mutations
Primary cardiomyopathies
Idiopathic, cause unknown
Secondary cardiomyopathies
Occur because of other processes i.e. ischemia, infectious disease, exposure to toxins, connective tissue disorders, metabolic disorders or nutritional deficiencies
Can be classified into 3 groups
Hypertrophic
Restrictive
Dilated
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
This weakened heart muscle struggles to
pump blood efficiently to the rest of the body, leading to symptoms of heart failure
Over time, DCM can also affect the
right ventricle and the atria (upper chambers of the heart)
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a
condition where the heart's main pumping chamber, the left ventricle, stretches, becomes thin, and enlarges
Pathophysiology
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD)
Used to prevent sudden cardiac death in high-risk individuals
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ventricular tachycardia, or ventricular fibrillation
How it Works
Heart Rhythm Monitoring
Anti-Tachycardia Pacing (ATP)-send a
series of painless electrical pulses
Defibrillation-delivers a stronger shock-life-threatening arrhythmia, like VF
Cardioversion- may deliver a lower energy shock-arrhythmias that are not as severe
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Type of heart muscle disease where the heart
chambers become stiff and lose flexibility,
leading to impaired ventricular filling and
reduced diastolic function
Ambulatory ECG Monitoring
Holter Monitoring
Diagnostic tool used to continuously monitor a patient’s heart rhythm usually 24 to 48 hours or even longer
Helpful for detecting intermittent cardiac arrhythmias or other abnormalities that may not be captured during a short, resting ECG performed in a clinic or hospital setting
Management
Nursing Diagnoses
Ineffective breathing pattern RT heart failure
Fear RT risk for sudden cardiac death
Fatigue RT decreased cardiac output
Ineffective role performance RT degreased cardiac function and activity restriction
Decreased cardiac output RT Impaired left ventricular filling, contractility our outflow obstruction
Anticipatory grieving RT poor prognosis
Health Education
Prescribed drug regimen, its rationale, intended and possible side effects
The disease process, its expected ultimate outcome and treatment options
Activity restriction and dietary changes to reduce manifestation and prevent complication
Cardiac transplant including the procedure, the need for lifetime immunosuppression to prevent transplant rejection and the risks of post op infection and long term immunosuppression
Symptoms to report to Dr or for which immediate care is needed
Emphasize the need to restrict sodium intake, watch for weight gain and take cardiac glycoside, as ordered, and watch for a toxic reaction to it
Encourage family members to learn cardiopulmonary resuscitation because sudden cardiac arrest is possible ; available training sites for CPR