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transport in humans - Coggle Diagram

- - - - -arteries leaving the heart: pulmonary arteries and aorta from left ventricle
        -arteries that arise from aorta: arteries to head, neck and arms, hepatic artery to liver, artery to stomach an SI, one renal artery to each kidney
  - - - -veins returning to heart:pulmonary veins from lungs to left atrium, upper vena cava and lower vena cava to right atrium
- - - - prevents backflow from LEFT ventricle to LEFT atrium
    - - prevents backflow from aorta to LEFT ventricle
    - - prevents backflow from RIGHT ventricle to RIGHT atrium
    - - prevents backflow from pulmonary artery to RIGHT ventricle
- - - - -transport oxygen from lungs to the rest of the body
        -contains haemoglobin thatbhelps transport oxygen more efficiently
        -no nucleus to in order to contain more haemoglobin
        -biconcave shape to increase SA/V ratio for oxygen to diffuse faster
        -flexible and can squeeze through capillaries easily
        -at high altitudes, conc. of oxygen is lower which results in a less steep conc. gradient. Oxygen diffuses more slowly, reducing amount of oxygen absorbed in bloodstream
        -to compensate, the body produces more red blood cells with more haemoglobin. This increases oxygen carrying capacity to ensure adequate supply of oxygen for aerobic respiration
    - - phagocytes
        
        -carry out phagocytosis to destroy bacteria by taking them into cytoplasm through ingestion
        -phagocytosis is when the white blood cellengulfs and destroys foreign particles like bacteria
      - lymphocytes
        
        -produce antibodies
        -antibodies: recognise foreign particles, destroy disease causing organisms, cause bacteria to clump together for easy ingestion by phagocytes and neutralises toxins produced by bacteria