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Genetic Material - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Ribose
        
        RNA
      - Deoxyribose
        
        DNA
    - - Complementary base paring
        
        Complementary nitrogenous bases "bond" through hydrogen bonds
    - - Between phosphate group of one nucleotide and the 3' carbon of another
- - - - Cyclins
        
        Control cell cycle
        
        Mutation in proto-oncogenes (control cell cycle)
        
        Tumors
  - - - Cytokinesis
        
        Unequal cytokinesis
        
        Budding in yeast
        
        Oogenesis
  - - - Four different daughter cells with half the amount of chromosomes (haploid)
        
        Source of variation
      - Meiosis I
        
        Diploid cell produces two daughter cells with half amount of chromosomes, but still duplicated
        
        Crossing-over
        
        Meiosis II
        
        Each haploid cell divides into two haploid daughter cells
        
        Falty disjunction during meiosis
      - Production of gametes
- - - - HL
        
        Polymerase III build the new strands 5' → 3'
        
        One of the strands is built in fragments (okazaki)
        
        Enzymes
        
        Helicase: breaks hydrogen bonds between strands
        
        DNA primase: synthesizes complementary RNA primers
        
        DNA polymerase III: synthesizes new strands of DNA using a template
        
        DNA polymerase I: removes primers and replaces with DNA
  - - - First Step: Denaturing
      - Second Step: Annealing (primers attach)
      - Third Step: Extending
        
        Taq polymerase (hear stable)