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2.6 THE INTERNET ADDRESS, Basic structure of IP address, Relationship…
2.6 THE INTERNET ADDRESS
Definition/Purpose of IP address
Sequence of the numbers
that
uniquely identifies
the
location of each computer
or electronic devices
connected to the Internet
Web address
Definiton
Web address
is a general term that can refer to any location on the web
Also called
a URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
is a specifies used to access resource on the internet. It specifies the location of a resource, and the the protocol used to retrieve it.
Protocol and description
http
For standard websites to communicate between web servers and web browsers. They transmits messages, retrieve information through the domain name system (DNS), and return it to the browser
https
Benefits of a https:
Customer information, like credit card numbers, is encrypted and cannot be intercepted
Customers are more likely to trust and complete purchases from sites that use HTTP
ftp
For file sharing between different web hosts, either local or remote
mailto
For email addresses, allow users to send an email to a specific address directly from an HTML document
Domain Name System (DNS)
The
domain name system (DNS)
is the method that the Internet uses to store domain names and their corresponding IP addresses
A
DNS server
is an Internet server that usually is associated with an Internet service provider. It's stores domain names and their corresponding IP address.
Basic structure of IP address
IPv4
Address size/bit length
Uses 32 bits address scheme allowing for a total of 2^32 address
General format
Made up of
four (4) groups
of
decimal numbers
Formatted as four 8-bit fields
separated
by a
period(.)
Range for each group is from 0 to 255
Lowest IPv4: 0.0.0.0
Highest IPv4: 255.255.255.255
Part of IP address
Network park/ID
First portion
of each IP address
identifies the specific computer/host
Host part/ID
It uniquely
identifies this machine/host
on your network
Last portion identifies the specific computer/host
Number of address this structure can represent
2^32 = 4,294,967,296
First version of IP address
IPv6
New generation of IP address
Address size/bit length
Uses 128 bits address scheme allowing for a total of 2^128 address
General format
Made up of
eight (8) groups
of
hexadecimal numbers
Formatted as eight 16-bit fields
separated
by a
colon(:)
Range for each group is from 0 to ffff
Lowest IPv6: 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
Highest IPv4: ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
Part of IP address
Prefix
The leftmost four fields (64bits) contain the prefix, equivalent to
network ID in IPv4,
to identify the network.
Interface ID
The rightmost four fields (64 bits) contain the interface ID,
to
identify the specific computer or host.
Number of address this structure can represent
2^128 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,76 8.211,456
Reason IPv6 is used instead of IPv4
Improved Security
More secure, and much faster than IPv4. It is integrated with IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) protocols for security, authentication and verification, and data integrity
Improved Traffic routing
IPv6 uses more efficient routing protocols, resulting in improved routing efficiency and reduced network congestion by reducing the size of routing tables
Auto configuration
IPv6 supports automatic address configuration via the SLAAC protocol, allowing devices to self-generate unique IP addresses without manual setup or DHCP servers
Address space
The shift to IPv6 is due to IPv4 address exhaustion. With IPv4’s 4.3 billion addresses running out, IPv6 provides 3.4 × 10³⁸ unique addresses, allowing more devices to connect to the internet
Relationship between IP address and domain name
Domain Name
A
domain name
is a
text-based name that corresponds to the IP address
of a
server,
such as a web server that host a website
Domain name are mapped to IP address through a system called the Domain Name System (DNS. When you enter a domain name into a web browser, the DNS translates that name into the corresponding IP address
Domain Name in Web Address
Web address
is a general term that can refer to any location on the web
A URL, or Uniform Resource Locator,
is a specific type of web address used to access resource on the internet. It specifies the location of a resource, anf the protocol used to retrieve it
All URLs are web addresses, but not all web addresses are URLs if they don't conform to the URL structure
Top Level Domain Contains
Generic TLD (gTLD)
Identify the type of organization associated with the domain
Country Code TLD (ccTLD)
Identifies the country of the origin associated with the domain
Lists of popular gTLD with Intended Purpose
.com
Commercial (often used for businesses and general purposes)
.gov
Government agencies
.edu
Education institutions
.biz
Business website
.mil
Military organizations
.net
Network providers or commercial companies
.org
Nonprofit organizations
.travel
Entities who primary area of activity is in the travel industry