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Hormonal Regulation, β-adrenergic receptors in the heart, During stress or…
Hormonal Regulation
Natriuretic Peptides
The Atria (Atrial stretch)
Vasodilation (↓ vascular resistance)
Regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis
Regulate blood pressure (↓)
Overall cardiovascular health
Maintain fluid balance (↓ blood volume)
Diuresis (excretion of sodium and water by kidneys)
Catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine)
↑ contractility
↑ strength of heart contractions
↑ heart rate
↑ frequency of contractions
Preparation the heart to meet increased demands (e.g., during "fight or flight")
β-adrenergic receptors in the heart
↑ Intracellular calcium levels
During stress or physical activity
Adrenal medulla hormones
**Fluid retention
↑ Blood volume
Heart failure
↑ Pressure in the atria
↑ Blood pressure