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Key term Bonanza, Fallacy = problem with argument - reasoning does not…
Key term Bonanza
Arguing = a claim before a conclusion - your reason backs up your conclusion. The truth of the reason is supporting the conclusion
Deductive = True propositions garuntee the conclusion eg. Uni of Birmingham is in Birmingham, Birmingham is in England therefore, Uni of Birmingham is in England
Inductive = True proportions make conclusion likely - you can infer the conclusion from the premises. Eg. When it is raining I get yet, it is raining today, therefore, today I will get wet. But you might not get wet, you may conveniently be under a shelter at all times.
Abductive = Inference to the best possible conclusion. Eg. you siblings come into your house soaking wet so you infer it is raining outside, but there nemesis may have poured a bucket of water over them.
Consistent beliefs = (can be true at same time) It is December and I'm sitting down. Some beleifs are not consistent eg. that it is December and Christmas is 3 months away = Inconsistent Belief
Not a contradiction! - A contraction = I am a student and I am not a student. Cannot be true nor be false at the same time. An inconsistent belief cannot be true at the same time but CAN be false at the same time
Proof = Special thing - a proof is something that HAS to be the case - a sound deductive argument. Most arguments are the philosophers 'best guess/ best inference' it is rare and often incorrect to claim a philosopher has proof.
Dilema = If you believe A then A will be detrimental to your argument - not just a tough choice! You can have A but you can't have B, or you can have A but you cannot have B
Paradox = Two premises, if both are true then conclusion contradicts itself. Eg. some claim they know nothing, but if you know nothing you can't know that you know nothing. Problem with logic/reason - then you need to find the dilemma and reform the argument.
Miscellaneous terms.
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Contingent = does not have to be true - there could be a reality where it is not the case - dependent on the way the world is
Objective = Independent of any particular beliefs or feelings - objective fact (regardless of your beliefs or feeling)
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Agape - type of love (God topics) unconditional love - can be a motivation for ethical act - out of unconditional love
Telos = End/ goal/ Final end - Teleological views - everything has an end it is stricing for (eudaemonia) / everything has a purpose or function
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True/False = (depends contextually) a problem with logic does not equal false. You need to be careful with when you mean true/false in a scientific way, and whether if its in the context of epistemology
A priori = Knowledge gained without experience (prior to experience) like analytic truths - can gain knowledge through using reason - inspecting the defintion
A posteriori = Knowledge gained through experience - gained knowledge through going out into the world and understanding the knowledge via the senses.
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Fallacy = problem with argument - reasoning does not allow you to pull true conclusion from true propositions. Error in reasoning