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:check: Izna - Haematological Agents OIP - Coggle Diagram
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Izna - Haematological Agents
WHAT IS BLOOD??
COMPOSITION OF BLOOD
TYPES OF WHITE BLOOD CELL
FORMATION OF BLOOD CELLS
Haemopoiesis
Haematopoiesis
Erythropoiesis
LIFE CYCLE OF BLOOD CELLS
Pluripotent stem cells (in red bone marrow)
Vitamins, minerals, haematopoietic growth factors
~120 days
ANAEMIA AND ITS TREATMENT
WHAT IS ANAEMIA?
TYPES OF ANAEMIA
Microcytic hypochromic anaemia
Due to iron deficiency
Megaloblastic anaemia
Vitamin B12 & folic acid dietary deficiency
Pernicious anaemia
Lack of intrinsic factor in the stomach (⬇️ B12 absorption)
Hemolytic anaemia
RBC destruction is faster than the body can replace
DRUGS USED IN ANAEMIA
REPLACEMENT OF MISSING SUBSTANCE
Iron
Treats microcytic hypochromic anaemia
Oxygen transport in blood
Vitamin B12 (hydroxycobalamin and cyanocobalamin.)
Megaloblastic & pernicious anaemia
Folic acid (Vitamin B9) [as folates]
DNA synthesis, treats megaloblastic anaemia
RECOMBINANT HEMATOPOIETIC FACTOR TO STIMULATE BLOOD CELL FORMATIONS
Erythropoietin
Anaemia in renal failure
A hormone made by the kidneys
Myeloid Growth Factors
Neutropenia - Low level of WBC (neutrophil)
Megakaryocyte Growth Factors
Platelet production
BLEEDING AND COAGULATION WITH THE DRUG FOR ITS TREATMENT
Mechanism of Bleeding and Coagulation
Vasospasm
Reduce bleeding & flow
Facilitates platelet adhesion & coagulation
Platelet Plug Formation
Blood exposure to extravascular collagen causes platelets to stick to vessel wall
Activates coagulation factors
Fibrin Clot Formation
Activation of Factor X produces thrombin
Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin
Fibrins forms a mesh trapping RBC & platelets, creating a clot
DRUG USED IN BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDER
ANTI CLOTTING
Anticoagulants
Reduce formation of fibrin clots
Heparin
Warfarin
Direct Thrombin inhibitors
Antiplatelets Drugs
Prevent platelet aggregation (important in arterial clots)
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
Abciximab
Thrombolytic Drugs
Dissolve existing clots
Streptokinase
Alteplase
DRUG THAT FACILITATE CLOTTING
Replacement Factors
Acts as a cofactor for the synthesis of clotting in the liver
Factor VII
Factor IX
Vitamin K
Restore normal clotting cascade & promote thrombin formation to stabilize clots
Vitamin K (phytonadione)
Antiplasmin Drugs
Inhibit plasminogen activation, preventing its conversion to plasmin
Tranexamic Acid
Aminocaproic Acid
