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History GCSE - Coggle Diagram
History GCSE
Treaty of Versailles
Big Three and their motives
Georges Clemenceau
Basics
Prime Minister of France
Ferocious man
Nicknamed 'The Tiger'
De Facto leader of the Big Three
Demands
Harsh treaty on Germany
Make sure France was never invaded by Germany again
Woodrow Wilson
Basics
President of the USA
Idealist
Demands
To make sure world piece could be achieved, and this'd be the 'war to end all wars'
A lenient treaty, as the USA and Germany traded strongly and this'd be a blow to the Americans, with not many hating the Germans
David Lloyd-George
Basics
Prime Minister of the UK
Famously quoted that the Treaty was like sitting between an argument with 'Napoleon and Jesus'
Motives
Moderately harsh treaty
He said that he would squeeze Germany until the 'pips squeaked', but knew personally that this would not be good outside public approval for a couple of years
What did and didn't the victors get and not get?
USA
Successful
The League of Nations, one of the '14 points' set by Wilson, was set up, with a large amount of countries joining
All members of the Central Powers had to disarm
The Rhineland was demilitarised, this wasn't one of his direct requests, but it was along his lines of peace
Wilson also liked self determination, so was happy to see Austria-Hungary collapse and smaller independent nations were created
Unsuccessful
Britain didn't scale down it's navy, and was probably never going to
Britain and France expanded their colonial empires by taking German colonies, not making them independent
The Treaty was rejected by Congress, leaving America exempt, and Wilson a broken man
France
Successful
The acquired Alsace-Lorraine, which they lost in 1871
The majority or reparations went to France, as they were hit the hardest
With a demilitarised Rhineland, France's security was enhanced
The Treaty absolutely destroyed Germany in the military, and so if they stuck to the Treaty, would never start another war
A treaty between the UK and USA said that if France was invaded, they'd both protect France
Unsuccessful
France was still not 100% secure
The Anglo-American Treaty was rejected by Congress, meaning it was pretty useless
UK
Successful
Britain's empire grew. Parts of Ghana, Cameroon, Namibia and Tanganyika (Big part of modern Tanzania) went to them
Britain's naval supremacy was boosted massively with Germany weakened and Wilson's plan rejected
Unsuccessful
Nothing specific
Impact on Germany until 1923
Basics
The treaty wasn't taken to kindly, with hostile protests and rallies against the treaty
4 features disliked by the Germans
The Treaty was a 'Diktat', there were no negotiations, and if refused, the war would just continue
Article 231 said that it was entirely the German's fault, and most of the German's didn't believe that at all
The Treaty said that the sum of money was infinite, which the Germans again hated for the impracticality
The restriction to 100,000 soldiers meant the Germans couldn't defend themselves against France and Poland
Impact on German politics?
Freikorps
The Freikorps were a band of ex-soldiers who hated the Weimar politicians for being the reason they had to leave the military
In March 1920, a group of them staged a coup on Berlin under leader Wolfgang Kapp
The workers came out in support and went on strike, but it collapsed eventually