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Cardiac Tamponade - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Pressure within the heart increases
        
        Impairment in contraction and relaxatation
        
        Decrease in system circulation
        
        Decrease oxygen supply towards body tissues
        
        Increase in pulse, decrease BP, distended jugular vein
        
        Loss of consciousness and sudden death
- - - - CAD, MI, Cardiomyopathy
  - - - Low cardiac output state
    - - (Severe cases) due to decreased stroke volume
    - - Reflects elevated pulmonary venous pressure
    - - Decreased heart sound, arterial pressure, distended jugular vein
    - - Due to impaired venous return
  - - - RH Factor
      - HIV Testing
      - ANA Assay
      - Mantoux Test
      - Trop T
- - - - Also called Pericardial trap, a surgical invasive procedure (both diagnostic and therapeutic purpose) in which abnormal or excessive fluid is removed from the pericardium sac, the sac around your heart
      - Removal by needle of pericardial fluid from the sace surrounding the heart for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes
      - Removal of 5 to 10 ml may dramatic increase stroke volume and cardiac output by 24 to 50% and reassess for improvement repeated when it necessary
      - Precautions to Perform Procedure
        
        Echocardiogram (Ultrasound Test) should be performed to confirm the presence of the pericardial effusion and to guide the pericardiocentesis needle during the procedure
        
        Risk of accidental puncture major arteries or organs in pericardiocentesis
  - - - Ineffective breathing pattern related to hyperventilation (goal: patient breath effectively as evidenced by no tachypnea, vital signs are within normal ranges)
        
        Nursing Interventions
        
        Monitor strictly vital signs, especially respiratory frequency
        
        Monitor the breathing, chest expansion, regularity of breathing, mouth breathing and muscle use a respirator
        
        Give the semi-Fowler position
        
        Teach clients a deep breath
        
        Give oxygen as indicated
    - - Decreased cardiac related to reduced ventricular filling secondary to increased intrapericardial pressure (goal: to maintain cardiac output of the patient as evidenced by client HR, BP, pulse, pressure)
        
        Nursing Interventions
        
        Continuously monitor ECG for dysrhythmia formation, which may result of myocardial ischemia secondary to epicardial coronary artery compression
        
        Monitor the BP every 5 to 15 minutes during the acute phase
        
        Auscultation of breath sounds and heart sounds (listen to the murmur)
        
        Maintain bedrest in a comfortable position during the acute period
        
        Provide adequate rest periods. Assess the form of self-care activities, if indicated
    - - Deficient knowledge related to disease condition
      - Activity intolerance related to restlessness, fatigue