Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Imperial Presidents Coggle Assignment by Dmitri Chavez - Coggle Diagram
Imperial Presidents Coggle Assignment by Dmitri Chavez
William McKinley: 1896-1901
Spanish American War
In the Background:
Hawaii was annexed in 1898, though was considered
a territory and not a state until the mid 1950s.
Tensions between Spain and the U.S. had begun to
rise over Cuban Independence, which would lead to the outbreak of war after an investigation concluded a mine sunk the USS Maine.
Sequence:
Vessels had stormed the Philippines, and quickly overran the Spanish militias that were stationed on the islands.
The Americans landed on Cuban shores in June 1898, and after both naval victories and a victory in San Juan Hill, the fighting in Cuba ended. Skirmishes in Puerto Rico would be the concluding battles.
Results:
The Treaty of Paris was signed, which gave the U.S. the Pacific territories Guam and the Philippines (for 20 million dollars), as well as Cuba and Puerto Rico in the Atlantic. Although, guerrilla forces would resist the Americans in the Philippines for a few years.
The U.S. began to influence China, intervening in the Chinese Boxer Rebellion to secure American interests.
"Open Door" Policy
Pledged for equal rights between countries trading with China with Chinese citizens. Also wanted to protect Chinese sovereignty.
Goals
Sustain American interests in Asia.
Win over Cuba from Spain.
Expand American influence through militarism, especially in Asia.
Involvement:
China
(Most of Europe because of the Boxer Rebellion I don't have it in me to include every single individual one)
Japan
Spain
Theodore Roosevelt: 1901-1908
Japan and Asia
Forced the signing of a peace treaty between Russia and Japan, thereby ending their war.
American schools in San Francisco had banned Asian students from Japan, Korea, and China from attending White schools, much to Japan's fury.
A "Gentlemen's Agreement" would end the segregation of students in San Francisco, in exchange for Japan limiting American emigration.
America would build a Pacific fleet to address the concerns over the rise of Japan.
"Big Stick" Diplomacy
Concerned about Latin America conflicting with American interests, Roosevelt adopted a policy of using the American military to defend weaker nations from imperialism, exerting more control South of Cuba.
The U.S. was interested in establishing the Panama Canal to shorten routes between the Atlantic and Pacific.
America sponsored revolts against Colombia, which had control over Panama at the time. In 1903, the U.S. acquired control over the canal, and was able to finish construction in 1914.
Roosevelt proposed an update to the Monroe Doctrine, for the U.S. to assume the role of alleviating tensions in a conflict between a Latin American nation and outsiders like Europe.
Many Latin American nations didn't like this development, with some like Nicaragua starting guerilla warfare against the Americans.
Involvements:
Japan
Russia
Panama
Colombia
Nicaragua
Goals
Use American military to achieve order.
Nations should not self-govern.
Stage off European influence in the Americas.
Woodrow Wilson: 1913-1920
Wilson was uninterested in imperialism, stating "never again seek one additional foot of territory by conquest."
Even though anything less than that would be acceptable, according to his words.
"Moral" Diplomacy
Wilson wanted to steer the Latin American countries in what he deemed as the right direction for them.
Haiti/Europe Tensions
Haiti was facing threats of aggression from France and Germany in 1915. To ensure their safety, Haiti allowed U.S. marines the right to control financial and foreign affairs.
Mexican Revolution
As American interests cause Mexican farmers to enter poverty, a series of bloody coups would lead to General Victoriano Huerta seizing power. Under his form of Diplomacy, Wilson refused to accept him as the leader.
The arrest of several American sailors would lead to Wilson getting involved in Mexico. The navy would occupy the city of Veracruz, leading to Huerta's deposing.
Venustiano Carranza, backed by the Americans, would seize power, but he was slow about bringing reforms. This would create a Civil War, with the U.S. involved until 1917.
In 1917, after being made aware of the Zimmerman Telegram from Germany to Mexico, Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany. The Americans would enter the front lines in Europe later that year.
Goals
Spread Democracy, rather
than colonize.
Guarantee self-determination.
Maintain strong, stable relations with Latin America.
Involvements:
Mexico
Germany
Haiti
William Henry Taft: 1909-1912
Taft was appointed by Roosevelt, as Roosevelt wanted a candidate with similar ideas to follow him.
Wanted to ensure the stability of Latin America nations.
"Dollar" Diplomacy
Taft was less interested in using the military to expand America's influence. Instead, he worried about American markets in foreign countries.
Investments in plantations, mines, and other ventures were commonplace in Latin America.
Sometimes Taft would have to use "Big Stick" Diplomacy if it meant ensuring American interests as well as his.
Maintained the "Open Door" policy with China.
Goals
Increase American economic influence in Asia and South America.
Continue Roosevelt's policies.
Involvements:
China
Nicaragua
