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Race and Gender Integrated Mind Map - Coggle Diagram
Race and Gender Integrated Mind Map
Topic
Exploring the affect of maternal and parental leave on the gender pay gap in the United States
Race
Women of color are disproportionally affected by this problem significantly more than white women or men. Mothers are paid only 62 cents for every cent a father is paid in the work force.
Specifically, Black mothers, Hispanic Mothers, Indigenous Mothers, and Asian Pacific Islander Mothers face the most injustice due to their involvement in many of the lower paying jobs
Gender
Women face the blunt of the disadvantages due to maternal leave as it is often not a paid leave. When taking this break, it leads to a break in their career that allows for men to get higher positions. Many lower paying jobs do not allow for a long enough maternal leave and they cannot afford child care to be able to go into work sooner exacerbating the pay gap.
Men are also affected by parental leave in a different way. Many men feel it is not normal for them to take paternal leave due to the stigma surrounding it. This results in a higher burden left to the mothers to take of the children on their own, despite the pain they face after giving birth.
Working Mothers
Depending on the field of work a mother works in, it can affect the length of their leave as well as if they receive pay. In most cases women in lower income jobs receive the worst maternal leave plans and struggle to afford childcare when they are required to be in work again.
Single mothers are the breadwinners of the family and they make up 36 million households. They often feel extra pressure to be successful in their career and maternal leave almost becomes a burden for them
8 million mothers are under the poverty line and the maternal leave penalty propels the wage gap even further
Women of Color
Due to systematic racism many women of color (especially African American Women, Indigenous women, and Latina women) struggle to move up in jobs and these leads them to be underpaid throughout their career. This does not allow them to have savings or achieve economic stability
Women of color have a much wider wage gap then white women. Historically Native American Women have experienced this heightened wage gap the most.
According to studies we see that Asian American Women sometimes earn more then white men at times with some earning $1.03 for every 1 dollar. However, this statistic often neglects Native Pacific Islander and even Nepali women who work in lower income jobs. For example, Nepali Women make 0.54 cents for every one dollar a white men makes.
Source:
https://www.americanprogress.org/article/women-of-color-and-the-wage-gap/#:~:text=Not%20only%20has%20the%20United,white%20and%20male%20counterparts%20earn
.
Mother's relationship with their children
Women with a lack of flexibility when it comes to their maternal leave are not able to spend as much time with their children-this mostly includes women of color and lower income mothers
Multiple studies have been made showing the correlation between maternal leave and children's improvement in their mental health, social skills, and success in school
Fathers
Fathers can work longer hours due to stereotypes that men should be the breadwinners and receive the highest pay in the households. This allows for fathers to receive the fatherhood premium
Many end up not taking parental leave due to the stigma which adds to the pressure of the mother and increases the wage gap between the females and males in a workplace. This is due to the fact that men have the ability to work while mothers are taking their maternal leave.