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The neurophysiological basis of behavior - Coggle Diagram
The neurophysiological basis of behavior
Emotions
What is it?
Psychological states made by neurophysiological changes
Associated with
Can be evoked
By physical stimuli
Also known as bottom-up
By complex reactions
Involving
Physiological reactions
Behavioral reactions
Cognitive reactions
Also known as top-down
They can be divided in
Emotion
Instant responses to a situation
Short and strong
Emotional State
A lasting mood to a response of a situation
Milder and longer
Components of the emotional experience
Somatic
Skeletal-motor interactions
It is a nonverbal communication
They manifest through body language
Cognitive
Management and control of emotions
Adaptation of emotional reaction
Autonomus
Activity of nervous system
Examples:
Increase of blood pressure
Increase of heart rate
Subjective feeling
Experiences we have and the emotions they provoke
These reactions are personal
No matter if the experience is the same one
Neurophysiological determinants of emotions
Emotions and cognition
Equally regulate behavior and thoughts
Emotional regulation
Complex process that involves:
Cognitive functions
Emotional functiosn
Behavioral functions
Brain parts involved in regulation:
Amygdala
Encodes the affective properties of the stimulus
They activate a wide neuronal network:
Medial prefrontal (MPFC)
Process emotions
Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC)
Memory
Response to social exclusion
Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC)
Creates subjective experiences
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)
Goal orientation
Prefrontal cortex (PFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)
In charge of controlling what the amygdala encoded
Top-down
How top-down emotions are created?
Occurrence of stimuli
Pattern that provides information of what is happening
A feeling created by the thoughts of the stimulus
Functions like the regulation of emotions
Bottom-up
Which subcortical structures are involved?
Hypothalamus
The information that the amygdala sends goes to the hypothalamus
In charge of activating stress hormones
Amygdala
Center of fear
In other words it detects threats
How bottom-up emotions are created?
Biological stimuli from the enviroment
Examples:
Sound
Pain
Immediate emotions
Examples:
Fear