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Chapter 3: Levels and Organizations Involved in Tourism Planning and…
Chapter 3: Levels and Organizations Involved in Tourism Planning and Development
International/Global Level
Focus: Transportation services, borders, international marketing.
International transportation (road, rail, air, ports).
Tourist flow and programming.
Development of major attractions across borders.
Multi-country marketing (e.g., ASEAN as a single destination).
Organizations: WTO, OECD, WWF, UNWTO
National Level
Focus: Country-wide tourism development and integration with national economy.
National tourism policy (e.g., Malaysia Tourism Policy 2020-2030).
Infrastructure development and major tourist routes.
Tourist facilities and accommodations.
Legislation, investment policies, and education.
Marketing strategies, training programs, environmental considerations.
Regional/Local Level
Focus: Specific regional or state-level tourism development.
Regional policy and access.
Tourist attractions, accommodation, and facilities.
Socio-cultural and environmental impact.
Education and marketing strategies for the region
Subregional Level
Focus: More detailed planning within a specific subregion.
Special Area Plans (SAP) for targeted development (e.g., heritage areas, tourism development zones).
Detailed management of local tourist attractions and infrastructure
Special Area Plans
Purpose: Targeted redevelopment or conservation plans within specific areas.
Focus: Physical environment improvement, preservation, landscaping, traffic management, and communication systems.