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Tuberculosis - Coggle Diagram
Tuberculosis
Investigations
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culture (Ziehl Neelsen stain, LJ medium)
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imaging: upper lobe infiltrates, cavitation, and bilateral lymphadenopathy
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Pathophysiology
Outcomes after exposure include: Complete healing with scarring, Latent TB, with dormant bacteria, progressive primary TB
Secondary TB occurs in sensitized individuals with weakened immunity, starting as small consolidations. Symptoms include hemoptysis and night sweats. If untreated, TB can spread to the pleura and cause miliary TB, characterized by tiny lung consolidations.
The body's response to tuberculosis (TB) involves delayed hypersensitivity. Initially, Mycobacterium tuberculosis enters macrophages, evading immune responses and multiplying unchecked, often causing mild symptoms. The Th1 immune response forms granulomas to contain the bacteria, leading to the Ghon focus and possible caseation.
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Definition
Bacterial infection primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It most commonly affects the lungs, leading to respiratory symptoms but it can also impact other parts of the body, including the kidneys, spine, and brain.