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PROPEDEUTICS - Coggle Diagram
PROPEDEUTICS
Ophtalmology
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Surgery in chalazion
chronic inflammation of Meibomian gland -> incision + drainage of cyst, excision of affected tissue, or Meibomian gland procedures to prevent recurrence
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Surgery in symblepharon
adhesion of conjunctival tissue to another conjunctival surface and/or cornea -> removal of these adhesions
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Stades forced granulation technique for trichiasis, distichiasis and upper eyelid entropion
abnormal cilia in contact with cornea -> skin part excision, suture > scar > elevation of eyelid margin
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Eyeglobe enucleation
blind or painful eye unresponsive to treatment -> removal of eye globe + its periocular tissues (nictitating mb, conjunctiva and lid margins)
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Abdomen
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Flank laparotomy
-> surgical access to abdominal cavity through abdominal wall, at flank level
Umbilical hernia surgery
displacement of small intestine + omentum in SC space through non-obliterated umbilical ring -> excision of herniated sac
Inguinal hernia surgery
displacement of omentum’s + abdominal organs into SC inguinal space ; bladder (cystocoele), uterus (histerocoele), intestine (enterocoele) -> excision of herniated sac
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Eventration
penetration under skin of abdominal organs from peritoneal cavity (omentum, small intestine and colon) through a hole created after an accidental or surgical abdominal trauma -> replacement of organs, suture
Evisceration
herniation of organs from abdominal and/or peritoneal cavity + their exposure outside of body -> replacement of organs, suture
Respiratory system
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Pericardiectomy
constrictive pericardium + also pericardial effusions -> remove pericardium + allow fluid to drain into thoracic cavity
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Head
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Nasal cavity trepanation
-> excision of tumor, necrosis of nasal conchae, osteodystrophy, hypertrophy of conchae, foreign bodies, parasites
Surgery in cenurosis
infection by tapeworms of cyst form forming Taenia spp. -> removal of Coenurus cerebralis vesicle (larval form of Multiceps multiceps tapeworm) in 3rd stage of clinical evolution + dvlp
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Ruminant's GI
Esophagostomy
obstruction by foreign bodies, dilatation, diverticula or tumors -> incision of esophagus
Rumenotomy
reticulitis, traumatic reticuloperitonitis, foamy bloat, foreign bodies, rumen overloading -> incision of rumen
Reticulotomy
reticulitis, traumatic reticuloperitonitis w direct access to id + extract foreign bodies -> incision of reticulum
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Ear
Surgery in ear wounds
open traumas by cutting, tearing or biting of skin, connective tissue, musculature and ear cartilage -> exploration, revitalization, haemostasis...
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Surgery in pinnal tumors
benign (papilloma) or malignant (carcinomas), exuberant + invasive growth and may obliterate external ear canal -> excision
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Urinary tract
Cystotomy
-> surgical incision of bladder to remove bladder stones, for id + collection of biopsy samples, in ectopic ureters or for eval of urinary tract infections refractory to treatment
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Urethrostomy
recurrent obstructive urethral calculi, which cannot be managed medically
obstructive urethral calculi that cannot be pushed in bladder
urethral strictures
severe trauma or neoplasms at urethral or penis level
neoplasms at preputial level requiring penis amputation
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Prepubian urethrostomy
-> incisions, urethra isolated + sutured
Nephrectomy
renal neoplasms, uncontrollable renal haemorrhage, refractory pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis and ureteral abnormalities that cannot be surgically treated -> ablation of kidney
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Spleen
Splenectomy
splenic tumors, splenic haematomas, splenic cysts and splenomegaly secondary to gastric torsion of spleen that dvls with haemoperitoneum + haemorrhagic shock -> surgical ablation of spleen
