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PPT 14 - Coggle Diagram
PPT 14
Textbook work
Question 1
Access to water supplies for domestic purposes is critical for a family’s health and social dignity, and access to water for economically productive uses such as agriculture or family-run businesses is critical for generating income and contributing to overall economic productivity.
Question 2
Access to water often disproportionately impacts the poor, women and children over wealthy individuals and men. This is due to the fact that these individuals often earn less and are thus less able to afford access to clean water.
Question 3
The degradation of ecosystems, whose economic benefit is unquantifiable, may undermine an environment’s capacity to sustain itself, thus undermining other local environments. As droughts critically damage wetland ecosystems, forests and other water-dependent biomes, it is likely that other biomes will begin to suffer due to a lack of balance in the biosphere.
Question 4
The Salton Sea has a productive ecosystem, with a productive ecosystem, fish in its waters and invertebrates living in mud surrounding its banks. Millions of birds use the sea as a stopping point on the Pacific Flyway.
Since 2005, water levels have been falling as evaporation from its shallow waters exceeds inflow, causing salinity levels to increase by over 50 g/l. This is a result of over-abstraction, especially from agriculture.
The Salton sea is impacted by water disagreements and a lack of inflow from the Imperial Irrigation District from 2018 may result in the shrinking of the sea by up to 260km2
Irrigation
Around 1/5 of the Earth is irrigated in some form.
Industrial-scale irrigation- as used for the Green revolution- has increased food security, however, has had considerable negative impacts.
The green revolution was a series of policies undertaken by the post-WW2 government designed to ensure that Britain was never again vulnerable to the impacts of starvation
It involved breeding high yield varieties HYV of wheat, rice, maize to increase crop yields.
It was coupled with a package of agricultural improvements including mechanisation, fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides.
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Aqua culture
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There are environmental impacts of aquaculture.
Pollution, food safety, disease and public health are all issues.
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Salt water incursion
Saltwater incursion is the movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers.
When freshwater is withdrawn faster than it can be replenished, the water table is drawn down. This draw-down reduces water pressure. When this happens near a coastal area, salt water from the ocean is pulled into the freshwater aquifer.
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