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Ch. 8 + Ebi and Hess article - Coggle Diagram
Ch. 8 + Ebi and Hess article
Climate Change is impacting our overall health or creating more health risks.
3 categories of physical environment:
unaltered "natural"
altered
built
An altered environment is a changed environment impacted by chemical, radiation and biological products that humans brought into the environment.
An unaltered environment is an environment with its original elements.
A built environment is a physical environment made by human beings.
According to WHO, air pollution has the greatest environmental impact.
20 countries produce more than 80 percent of all current greenhouse gas emissions (28% from China and 14% for the US alone).
EPA created an Air Quality Index that reports daily air quality and the health effects that may occur after breathing unhealthy air.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded in 2019 the mean land surface air temperature in 2006-2015 was 1.53 degrees celsius higher than it was in 1850-1900.
Carbon Dioxide is causing ocean acidification and reducing the nutritional quality of most cereal crops.
Multiplicative interaction is a type of interaction between 2 or more exposures such that the overall risk when 2 or more exposures are present is best estimated by multiplying the relative risk of each of the exposures.
Not all risks for environmental disease require high-level or long term exposure.
Many toxic exposures happen in occupational settings, about 5000 deaths due to injury occur in occupational settings per year.
Heat waves are the leading weather-related cause of death in the US.
High temperatures are known to increase rates of preterm births, low birthweights and stillbirths.
In 2016, 797 million people suffer from world hunger. The number of starving individuals increased to over 821 million in 2018.
There are two types of injuries: intentional and unintentional
Intentional injuries are injuries that brought about on purpose, whether it was self-inflicted or meant for others.
Unintentional injuries are injuries that occur not on purpose (ex: motor vehicle collisions, drowning, fires and poisonings).
Injuries are the leading cause of death among 1-44 year olds.
Head injuries in children and adolescents happen nearly 500,000 emergency room visits in the US per year.
Health Equity is the idea that everyone has a fair and just opportunity to be as healthy as possible.
All-hazards approach is an approach to public health preparedness that uses the same approach to preparing for many types disasters, including use of surveillance systems, communications systems, evacuations and an organized healthcare response.
The Department of Homeland Security developed and all-hazards approach due to the major attacks and threats happening in 2001.
The Incident command system (ICS) establishes uniform procedures and terminology and an integrated communications system with established and practiced roles for each agency.