Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

exam 3, Both mention double fertilization, Both have pollen chambers,…

- - - - tracheary element non funct
- - - - transport by wind
  - - - directed by synergids
      - feeds on nucellus (gym)
      - feed on style (ang)
  - - - tube cell
      - generative cell
- - - - pericarp
      - thickens and differentiation
        
        exocarp
        
        mesocarp
        
        endocarp
  - - - w/o fert
      - w/o seed dev
  - - - bean
      - cherry
      - tomato
    - - berries
      - drupes
      - pomes
    - - dehiscent
      - indehiscent
  - - - magnolias
      - raspberries
      - strawberries
  - - - fig
      - mulberry
      - pineapple
- - - - actively growing areas
      - storage areas
  - - - aerobic resp
- - - - active
      - passive
- - - - integument
      - nucellus
      - megaspore wall
      - megagametophyte
      - archegonium
      - egg
  - - - 8 nucleate
        
        3 antipodals
        
        sometimes nutritive
        
        2 synergids
        
        guide pollen tube
        
        1 egg
        
        eventual zygote
      - 2 polar
        
        becomes endosperm
  - - - additional protectin from ovary wall
      - double fertilization
- - - - pollination drops
  - - - 2n diploid
      - zygote
    - - 3n triploid
      - endosperm
- - - - molecular data
      - bisexual
      - radially symmetric
      - mult whorls petals
      - androecium
        
        2+ whorls anthers
      - gynoecium
        
        5+ carpels
    - - archaefructus sinensis
      - likely herbaceous
      - aquatic
      - 124.6 bya
    - - amborellaceae
      - amborella
      - amborella trichopoda
      - new caledonia
      - dioecious
        
        male plants
        
        female plants
      - shrub
    - - flowers indefinete parts
      - floral axis shortened
        
        og spiral arrangement no longer evident
      - ovary superior-inferior
        
        perianth distinct calyx and corolla
      - radial symmetry
  - - - stem leaf-like struct
      - four floral appendages
        
        sepals, sterile
        
        petals, steral
        
        stamens, male fx
        
        carpels, female fx
    - - outermost floral appendage
      - modified leaves mature flower parts
      - protect flower bud
      - colorful
      - sepals tgher referred calyx
    - - located above sepals on reptacle
      - leaf-like contain pigments chlorophyll
      - attract pollinators
      - corolla
      - sepals petals perianth
      - absent wind pollinated species
    - - above petals
      - androecium
      - 2 parts: anther supporting filaments
      - diploid anther cells undergo meiosis
      - microspores
        
        undergo mitosis
        
        form resistant cell wall
      - microgametophyte
        
        pollen grains
    - - megasporophyll
      - carpels, gynoecium
      - stigma catches pollen grains
      - style elevates stigma
      - ovary megaspores produced
      - placentae bearing small ovules
      - fert of egg, ovule mat seeds
  - - - whorls relative ovary
        
        superior
        
        carpel above
        
        inferior
        
        receptacle carpal
        
        carpel below
        
        perianth and stamen insertion
        
        hypogynous
        
        perianth and stamens beneath ovary
        
        lillies
        
        epigynous
        
        perianth and stamens top ovary
        
        apple flower
        
        perigynous
        
        perianth and stamens adnate to calyx
        
        cherry flower
    - - lack sexual organs
      - hermaphroditic=perfect
      - monoecious=male same plant
      - dioecious= male different plant
      - male=androecious
      - female=gynoecious
    - - inflorescence
      - taxonomic importance
      - various ways ensure cross pollination
  - - - colors
      - smell, organic volatiles
      - shape
      - bloom time
      - rewards, eg nectar
    - - some more attractive
      - requires resource
        
        omit
      - uv spectrum
    - - signal pollinators
      - preferences and sexual pheremones
      - common chemicals
        
        benzaldehyde (almond)
        
        linalool (lavender)
        
        Limonene (citrus)
        
        Beta ocimene (green)
      - Scent glands
        
        eg roses
    - - floral symmetry
      - actinomorphic
        
        radially symmetric
        
        eg sunflower
      - zygomorphic
        
        irregular
        
        bilateral
        
        eg pea
    - - diurnal
        
        day time
      - nocturnal
        
        night time
    - - nectar
      - pollen
      - oil
  - - - abiotic
        
        anemophily (wind)
        
        hydrophily (water
      - biotic
        
        melittophily
        
        phsycphily
        
        phalenophily
        
        myophily
        
        ornithophily
        
        chiropterophily
        
        cantharophily
    - - wind
      - no bright colors, odors, nectar
      - small
      - no petals
      - stamens stigmas air currents
      - lots pollen
      - pollen smooth, light, airborne
      - stigma feathery
    - - water
      - copious pollen
      - small flowers
      - long filaments
      - oblong, heavier pollen
    - - bee
      - full nectar
      - bright petals
      - sweet
      - open daytime
      - landing platform
      - bilaterally symmetrical
      - flowers tubular
    - - butterfly
      - cluster
      - landing platform
      - bright color
      - open day
      - ample nectar producers
      - nectar guides present
      - cluster small flowers
    - - moth
      - night pollinated species
      - white
      - heavy scent
      - tubular corollas
    - - fly
      - pale dule dark brown purple
      - flecked translucent patches
      - putrid odor
      - no nectar guides
      - pollen
      - funnel complex flowers
      - saprophily
    - - bird
      - tubular petals recurved
      - tubes, funnels, cups
      - strong supports
      - bright colors
      - open day
      - prolific nectar producers
      - modest pollen producers
    - - bat
      - open night
      - lg size
      - pale white
      - fragrant
      - copious dilute nectar
    - - beetle
      - bowl shaped sexual organs exposed
      - white dull white green
      - strongly fruity
      - moderate nectar producers
      - lg solidary flowers
      - cluster small flowers
    - - look like pollinator
      - smell pollintor
      - use trickery
      - no reward
      - saprophily included
- - - - water-soil-atmosphere
      - input water cycle
    - - potential water react move
      - polarity
      - attracted substances
      - potential surrounded ions
    - - free E water
      - less neg to more neg
    - - 3 components
        
        pressure potential
        
        effect of water pressure
        
        under pressure, p pot and water pot ^
        
        hydrostatic pressure
        
        turgid plant cell +
        
        xylem neg pressure tension
        
        atmospheric pressure pot 0
        
        osmotic potential
        
        solutes effect
        
        add solutes decrease free E
        
        difference bt solution pure solvent
        
        matric potential
        
        adhesion cell walls, membranes, soil particles
        
        adhesion decrease free E
        
        adhesion water molecules nondissolved structures
        
        soil particles
        
        negative
        
        dry soil
- - - - seeds fern (extinct)
      - gymnosperms
        
        progymnosperms
      - angiosperms
    - - elkinsia polymorpha
        
        4-5 lobes fused basal third
        
        360 mya
      - late devonian
      - pseudosporogonites quadrapartitus
    - - lobate integuments
        
        free from nucleus
      - moresnetia zalesskyi
        
        8-10 lobes
        
        360 mya
    - - complete enclosure megasporangium in integument
        
        protection
        
        desiccation
        
        herbivory
      - stamnostoma huttonense
        
        352 mya
      - gnetopsiselliptica
    - - evolved shoot apex
      - gym nuc ap shoot ap
      - similar genes
    - - heterospory
      - protection
        
        integuments
      - pollen capture
        
        pollen chamber
        
        micropyle
      - nucellus
- - - - megaspores
        
        megagametophytes
      - microspores
        
        microgametophytes
      - found some non-seed plants
    - - 1st integuments telomes
      - second integuments phyllad origin
    - - red megaspores 3 aborted
      - lg megaspore retained inside megasporangium
      - extra layer protection
    - - megasporocyte
        
        red one per megasporangium rahter than 100s
        
        megaspore mother cell
    - - megasporocyte undergoes meiosis
      - 4 resulting daughter cells
      - 3 megaspores degenerate
      - 1 megaspore remains
    - - megagametophyte retained inside megaspore wall
      - fertilization egg occurs in wall
      - extra layer protection
    - - pollen chamber
        
        thru prgrammed cell death
      - micropyle
    - - multicellular megagametophyte
      - egg retained
      - after syngamy, embryo dev within