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Nervous System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Depolarizing Phase
        
        Na⁺ rushes into cell
        
        Voltage-gated Na⁺ channels open
      - Repolarizing Phase
        
        Na⁺ channels inactivate
        
        Voltage-gated K⁺ channels open
- - - - SNS: Primarily norepinephrine (except for sweat glands
      - PNS: Acetylcholine
- - - - Mailbox: Synaptic cleft
      - Letters: Neurotransmitters
      - Mail Carrier: Sending neuron
      - Neighbor: Receiving neuron
  - - - Glutamate: Most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS
      - Increase likelihood of action potential, cause depolarization
    - - Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA): Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS
      - Decrease likelihood of action potential, cause hyperpolarization
- - - - Duration: Long-term (> 3-6 months)
      - Cause: Persistent conditions, maladaptive pain processing
    - - Cause: Injury, surgery, illness
      - Duration: Short-term (< 3-6 months)
- - - - Processes sensory information
      - Source of thoughts, emotions, and memories
      - Initiates signals for muscle contractions and gland secretions
  - - - 12 pairs of cranial nerves (from brain)
      - 31 pairs of spinal nerves (from spinal cord)
    - - Sensory (afferent) division
      - Motor (efferent) division
- - - - "Little Trees" Receive signals from other neurons
    - - Transmits impulses away from cell body
      - Covered by myelin sheath
    - - Contains nucleus with genetic material
      - Houses Nissl bodies (Specialized rough ER for protein synthesis
  - - - Migrate, immune cells of CNS
    - - Myelinate individual axons
    - - Form myelin sheath around multiple axons
    - - Regulate blood flow and ion balance
      - Form blood-brain barrier
      - Maintain neuronal environment
- - - - Spinal Cord: Basic reflex circuitry
      - Brain Stem: Integration and modification of motor responses
    - - Originate in motor cortex
      - Extend to brain stem or spinal cord
    - - Directly control muscle contractions
  - - - Central thermal control center
      - Integrates signals from peripheral and central thermoreceptors