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Post Reconstruction - Coggle Diagram
Post Reconstruction
Chapter 24
The South in the Age of Industry
Decline of South
Post civil war
poor economy
Sharing crops
Crops as payment
rented out farmland
Machine-made cigarettes
Southern agriculture (1880s)
Improved Southern economy
Replaced hand rolling
Increased tobacco consumption
James Buchanan's monopoly
formed American Tobacco Company
College renamed after him
Forced tenants
Relied on landlords
Controlled essentials
Credit
supplies
Efforts to industrialize South
South was too rural
Henry W. Grady
Advocated "new South"
Encouraged industrialized South
Obstacles in Southern industralization
Regional rate setting systems
Set in place by North
Railroad discrimination
Hard to move Southern raw materials
easy to move manufactured goods
Preferential rates for goods going South to North
Kept South dependent on Northeast
Northeast was supplier of raw materials
Unable to develop industrial base
More economic discrimination
"Pittsburgh Plus" pricing system in steel industry
Rich deposits in Birmingham, Alabama
No competitive edge
Unfair steel lords of Pittsburgh
Charged ridiculous fee
grew Brmingham steel industry
Worked by low age Southerners
Manufactured cotton textiles
Resented New England
Disliked sending cotton
Northerners' cotton mills
Pull Factors
tax incentives
non unionized labor
Piedmont region, Appalachia
White southerners' employment
Flocked mill towns
Unfair black wages
Lowest-paying jobs
Hillbillies / Lintheads
worked dawn to dusk
Wage was half of Northern workers
Compensated in credit
perpetual debt
Mill employment salvation
Provided for Whites
First job
Wages
Exploited women and child labor
prioritized cheap labor
The Impact of the New Industrial Revolution on America
Important independent women
Invented:
Stenographers
Typewriter
Telephone switchboard
Dana Gibson
bad working conditions
Almost no pay
DANGEROUS
overworked, long hours
Better living standards
Increased urban centers
More immigrant workers
Jeffersonian ideals
No free enterprise
Less agriculture
Working Americans
half self emploiyed
2/3 wage dependent
vulnerable
Unemployment fear
Possible illness
Struggled with security
job protection
wage protection
unemployment
Foreign trade
saturated domestic market
Transatlantic telegraph
Suez canal opening
better trades
Chapter 26
The Farmers' Frontier
Farmer
Sodbusters
Homestead Act (1862)
Settlement in West
Settlers profit
160 acres of land
not great farmland
great plains
occasional droughts
abandoned homesteads
Railroad development
settlers
land
Promoted farming familes
Caused land speculation
fraud
New technology
Dry farming
Barbed wire fence
Drought resistant crops
Irrigation
helped development
funded by government
Hydraulic technolgoy
Jobs
miners
cowboys
trappers
Chapter 23
The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Didnt prevent racism
Understanding 14th amendment
Loophole for racism
Prohibited government violations
Unlike with individuals
Inauguration day disaster
Electoral standoff/ deadlock
Compromise of 1877
Electoral Count Act
Hayes won majority
15 men
Senate (Republican majority)
House (Democrat majority)
Supreme court members
Republicans promised withdrawal of troops
Texas Pacific railroad
Republicans don't subsidize
Southern blacks suffer
No civil rights
Tilden vs Hayes
Democrats threatened violence
Democrats vs. Republican
Tilden or blood
No president decided
Unconstitutional Civil Rights Act
Supreme Court confirmed
Southern troops withdrawn
End of reconstruction
Democrat control in South
The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post-Reconstruction South
democrats showed power
suppressed blacks
Blacks without protection
white democrat control
fraud and intimidation
politically powerful
oppression of blacks
threats
unemployment
eviction
violence
"Redeemers"
blacks and poor whites
forced into sharecropping
tenant farming
under control of former slave master
crop lien
trapped farmers in debt
Liened harvests
Merchants manipulated system
Jim crow laws
Plessy v. Frefuson
1896
Supreme court validated
"Seperate but equal"
Constitutional
Very unequal life
Inferior schools
Seperated public facilities
Southern whites order
Violations dealt harshly
Record lynching numbers
Second Reconstruction
Nearly century later
Blacks can't vote
Literacy requirements
Voter registration laws
Poll taxes
Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes
end of Reconstruction
class struggle begins
Explosive economic atmosphere
Depression and deflation
panic of 1873
Railroad wage cut
10% cut (1877)
workers organized strikes
Hayes strike response
used federal troops
workers garnered support
strikes spread
Baltimore to St. Louis
Over 100 deaths
weeks of conflict
workers vs soldiers
Strikes revealed vulnerability
government intervention
racial divisions
weakened labor unity
Irish and Chinese
California's Asian population
75,000 by 1880
9% of population
mostly poor
uneducated
single males
from taishan district
Guangdong province
Remaining Chinese immigrants
Faced severe hardships
menial jobs
cooks
laundry workers
domestic servants
Lacked families of children
lack of suppoort
"Not a Chinaman's chance"
symbolizes difficulty
Violence against Chinese
Irish Denis Kearney
Supporting European immigrants
Chinese pull factors
Railroad construction
Gold mining
Half returned after
Chinese competition reseented
threat to jobs
threat to wages
Rice eater
Kearney's supporters
Terrorized CChinese
Chinese Exclusion Act
Banned Chinese immigration
Until 194
Revoking citzenship
Native-born Chinese Americans
14th amendment
granted citizenship
us born
Birthright citizenship
Century of Humilation
War on opium
Treaty of Nanking
Taiping rebellion
Qing Dynasty civil war
Millions of casualties
Sino- Japanese War
Japnese control
Taiwan
Korea
China's losses
Territory
Influence
Boxer rebellion
Anti foreign
Anti Christian
Further weakened China
Warlord Era
Fall of Qing Dynasty
Makers of America- The Chinese
1800-1925
3 million Chinese
Left homeland
looking for work
Chinese Empire gone
population explosion
land shortages
vulnerability to European
Wanted China's resources
Chinese in 1565
Economic hardship
Political turmoil
labor shortages
Southeast Asia
Australia
Americas
Search for work
1900
300,000 Chinese
Entered US
Contributed to labor
Helped West development
mining
building transcontinental railroads
Mostly unskilled workers
few merchants
Arisans
Families pooled resources
sending son abroad
Impoverished--> Chinese middlemen
Fares for labor
Exploitative conditions
"pig selling"
Before gold rush
<50 Chinese
1852
25,000 Chinese
California
Golden mountain
End of 1850s
1/4 labor force
10% of population
Cheap labor
Chinese immigrants
Sugar cane
Strikebreakers
shoe factories
1868 treaty
Anson Burlingame
guaranteed civil rights
promised Chinese immigrants
Predominantly male
Limited women
often mislead
often prostitutes
false promises
Many chose to stay
Established chinatown
economic oppurtunites
Railroad towns
Farming villages
cities
Chinese spoke Chinese
Formed community
Anti Chinese
low Chinese-American population
Chapter 27
Spurning the Hawaiian Pear
Hawaii
Stopover for sailors
Extension of US
Treaty Naval base
American missonaries
commerce
more protestants
more sugar
Natives
diseased
Relied on asians
Economic disparity
Mckinley Tariff
Americans want annexation
Natives to maintain
Queen Liuokalani
Planter revolt
Overthrows Queen
Treaty of annexation
Hawaii opposition
Admitted as state (1959)
The Cubans Rise in Revolt
Mass revolt
Caused by sugar
Tariff 1894
Spanish opression
Revolting Cubans
American support
American investment
Spanish General Weyler
Concentration Camps
William Randolph Hearst
Joseph Pulitzer
Maine to Cuba
battleship
protect and evacuate
Maine blows up
American demands
No concentration camps
armstice
No independent Cuba
No Spanish control
Teller Amendment
Declaration of war
Spanish defeated
Spanish American War
Theodore Roosvelt
Ordered attack on Spanish
Philippines
Hawaii annexed
Hawaiians US citizenship
Supply point
Feared Japanese
Geeorgee Dewey (Maniila)
Defeated Spanish fleets
6 warships
American reinforcement
Naval fleet blockade
Defeated by Naval fleet
From the behind
General Wiulliam R. Shafter
Unprepared
"rough riders"
Colonel Leonard Ward
Cowboys
ex-con
Spanish signed armstice
Little Brown Brothers in the Philippines
Spanish American inspiration
Expected freedom
Excluded peace negotiation
Emilio Aguinaldo
Filipino rebellion
Hostility towards Phillippines
Filipino Camp infiltrated
Emilio Aguinaldo captured
Concentration camps
Traded sugar
Reconstruction
Improved education
improved diplomacy
Improved roads
improved public health
TR's Perversion of Monroe's Doctrine
Latin America
Fear for Germany, Britain
Roosevelt Corollary
Rewrote Monroe Doctrine
Failed to repay
Intervention
no foreign intervention
Dominican Republic treaty
Managed tariff collections
Failure repaying debts
Latin countries
Dominican republic