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exam 2 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Function: transports water and dissolves minerals from roots to shoots
        
        structure: composed of tracheid's, vessel elements in angiosperms
        
        Wood is essentially secondary xylem -trees and woody plants show secondary growth, where the vascular cambium produces additional xylem, contributing to the plant's diameter increase
    - - Function: transports organic nutrients from photosynthetic areas to other parts of the plant
        
        structure: consists of sieve tube elements and companion cells
    - - Dicots
        
        vascular bundles are arranged in ring pattern in a stem. this ring-like arrangement allows for secondary growth (production of wood) in many dicot species
      - Vascular Cambium
        
        a cylindrical layer of meristematic cells between xylem and phloem in dicots and gymnosperms. also responsible for secondary growth by producing secondary phloem and xylem (wood)
      - Monocots
        
        vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem without any specific pattern. No secondary growth (wood formation)
      - Non-woody (herbaceous plants)
        
        vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) are arranged in vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem
    - - Secondary Xylem occurs in trees and shrubs via vascular cambium increasing the plants girth
        
        Types of wood:
        
        softwood: found in gymnosperms (conifers) contains mostly tracheid's
        
        hardwood: found in angiosperms. contains vessel elements along with tracheid's making it denser and more complex