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Emphysema - Coggle Diagram
Emphysema
Definition
obstructive lung disease characterized by abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls without significant fibrosis. Destruction of alveolar septa results in a loss of elastic recoil and impair gas exchange across the alveolar septa (decrease the surface area for gas exchange).
Clinical presentation
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acute: during acute exacerbation (triggered by URI), patients have sudden onset severe dyspnea, wheezing, and/or severe cough.
Pathophysiology
Normally proteases secreted by inflammatory cells are inactivated by proteases inhibitors particularly by alpha 1 antitrypsin
If proteases are not inactivated, they can destroy the lung tissue
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Investigations
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imaging: increased anteroposterior diameter, Flattened diaphragm, Increased lucency of the lungs
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