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Four - Earth Systems Group 1, References :, Biosphere, Geosphere, image,…

- - - - holds moisture (clouds), gases, and tiny particles
      - Called the "Protective bubble of the earth"
      - It protects us from outer space
      - The atmosphere surrounds the
        Earth and holds the air we breathe
    - - Composed of 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen and 1% of other gases
      - It is also composed of layers that are composed of the gases involved
        
        Trophosphere
        
        The Troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere
        
        Most types of clouds are found in the troposphere, and almost all weather occurs within this layer
        
        Stratosphere
        
        It is the second layer of the atmosphere as you go upward
        
        The stratosphere is characterized by a rise in temperature with altitude
        
        Temperatures in the stratosphere rise with altitude; the stratosphere's top temperature is around 270 K
        
        Mesosphere
        
        The mesosphere is the third highest layer of atmosphere
        
        Temperatures drop with increasing altitude to the mesopause that marks the top of this middle layer of the atmosphere
        
        It is the coldest place on Earth and has a temperature on the order of − 85°C (− 120°F)
        
        Thermosphere
        
        It is characterized by high temperature and large variability, in response to changes in solar ultraviolet radiation and solar-driven geomagnetic activity
        
        The thermosphere is the atmospheric region from ∼85 to ∼500 km altitude
        
        Exosphere
        
        It extends from about 375 miles (600 km) to 6,200 miles (10,000 km ) above the earth
        
        The outermost layer of the atmosphere
        
        In this layer, atoms and molecules escape into space and satellites orbit the earth
    - - Air pollution includes greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. Greenhouse gases cause the climate to warm by trapping heat from the Sun in the Earth's atmosphere. Greenhouse gases are a natural part of Earth's atmosphere, but their increasing amounts in our atmosphere since the early 1900s are causing the climate to warm. The increase comes from vehicle exhaust, pollutants released from smokestacks at factories and power plants, emissions from agriculture, and other sources. Scientists predict that Earth will warm more this century than it did in the 20th century.
- - - - Herbivores
      - Decomposers
        
        fungi
        
        bacteria
        
        insects
      - Primary Producers
        
        plant life
        
        ocean phytoplankton
  - - - non living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment
    - - plants and animals
- - - - Pollution
        
        Plastic Pollution
        
        Chemical Pollution
        
        Oil Spill
      - Climate Change
        
        Sea level Rise
        
        Ocean Acidification
      - Water Scarcity
        
        Droughts
        
        Groundwater Depletion
      - Aquatic Ecosystem Loss
        
        Wetland Destruction
        
        Coral Reef Destruction
    - - Provides water, which is an essential to all living organism on the planet
      - Includes the water cycle, vapor, liquid and as well as dissolved substances.
      - The Hydrosphere is the sum of all water on Earth and its water cycle.
      - Regulates and maintains the Earth's climate, weather, and temperature.
    - - Freshwater (3%)
        
        Groundwater and Soil Moisture (30.1%)
        
        Ice Caps and Glaciers (68.7%)
        
        Lakes, Rivers, and Streams (0.3%)
      - Atmospheric Water (0.001%)
      - Saltwater (97%)
        
        Seas
        
        Ocean
      - Biospheric Water