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Inhalation (Active Process), Initiation, Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Expulsion,…

- - - - A pressure gradient : P(atm) --> P(intrathoracic)
    - - Gas Exchange (Passive Process) in the lungs
        
        Oxygen (O₂) Diffusion
        
        ⇒ Alveoli <-----> Purmunary Capillaries (bloodstream) ⇐
        
        Oxygen Transport: O₂ + Hb = HbO₂
        
        Oxyhemoglobin carries O₂ to tissues
- - - - Cellular respiration
        
        CO₂ generation as a waste product
        
        the capillaries <-- the surrounding interstitial fluid <-- the cells
        
        The total CO₂ transport in blood
        
        around 70%
        
        CO₂ is transported as Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) which is an ion found mainly in the plasma of blood
        
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        20-30%
        
        CO₂ is transported bound (chemically) to Hb as HbCO₂
        which is in the cytoplasm of the RBC.
        
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        5-10%
        
        CO₂ is directly dissolved in the blood plasma
        
        Energy production
        
        a continuous supply of ATP for maintaining membrane potential, conducting impulses, and supporting overall brain function
        
        ATP generation supports surfactant function and cell maintenance, both crucial for overall lung health.
        
        ATP generation for muscle contraction
        
        ATP is generated through glucose and fatty acid metabolism, supporting the specific functions and maintaining overall metabolic activity:- detoxification (liver), filtration (kidneys), barrier maintenance (skin), and nutrient absorption (Gastrointestinal Tract)