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Gisselle Reyes, period 5, Skeletal System - Coggle Diagram
Gisselle Reyes, period 5, Skeletal System
All the bones
Axial Skeleton
Skull
- Frontal bone, parietal, temporal, maxilla (upper jawbone) , mandible (lower jawbone) ,zygomatic,nasal
Thoratcic cage
- Sternum (breastbone), Ribs ( True ribs 1-7, false ribs 8-12, floating ribs 11-12)
Vertebral column
- cervical (neck bones (7))(alas and axis), Thoratcic (attached to ribs (12)), lumbar (lower back (5)), sacrum, coccyx
Appendicular skeleton
Upper limbs
- Humerus ( upper arm bone), Ulna ( forearm bone (has an arch )), radius (forearm bone (flat)), clavicle (collarbone), scapula (shoulder blade), carpal (wrist bones), metacarpals (middle of hands), phalanges (fingers)
Lower limbs
- coxal bones (hips), femur ( thigh bone), patella (kneecap), tibia (shinbone), fibula (smaller leg bone), tarsals (ankle bones), metatarsals ( middle bones), phalanges (toes)
Types of bones
- long bones: limb bones ex: humerus
- short bones: cube shaped bones ex: carpals
- flat bones: thin, flat bones ex: sternum
- irregular bones: complicated shapes ex: hip bones
anatomy of long bone
- Diaphysis: tubular shaft that forms long axis of bone
- Epiphyses: ends of long bone
- epiphseal lines: growth plates
- Periosteum: white, double layered membrane that covers external surfaces
- endosteum: connective tissue membrane covering internal bone surface
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Bone remodeling
- Bone remodeling consist of bone deposit and bone resorption
- Bone deposit: function of osteoclast where they dig depressions as they breakdown the matrix
- Bone deposit: new matrix is deposit by osteoblasts.
Bone fracture repair
- Reduction: the realignment of broken bone ends
- Immobilization: cast or traction is needed
- Hematoma formation:torn blood vessels hemorrhage forming mass of clotted blood
- Fibrocartilaginous callus formation: A mass of repair tissue consisting of collagen fibers and cartilage that bridges the broken ends
- Bony Callus formation: new trabeculae appear in fibrocartilaginous callus, callus is converted to bony (hard) callus of spongy bone
- Bone remodeling: ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue
Joints
- Plane Joint: slipping or gliding ex: carpals
- Hinge joint: permits on motion ex: knee or elbow
- pivot joint: rotating bone around its own axis.
- condyloid; does everything except rotation
- saddle joint: joint found at the base of each thumb
- ball and socket joint: moves in all directions
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Disorders/Diseases
- Osteoartheitis: protective cartilage at ends of bones wears down
- osteogenesis imperfecta: a genetic disorder that causes brittle bones
- osteosarcoma: milignat bone tumor
- osteomyelitis: an infection in the bone
- Paget's Disease: metobolic bone disease affecting the break down and rebuilding of bone.
Fractures
- Comminuted: bone fragment into 3 or more pieces
- Compression: bone is crushed
- spiral: ragged break by twisting
- Epiphyseal: epiphysis separates from the diaphysis along epiphyseal plate - Depressed: broken bone portion in pressed inward
- Greenstick: bone break incompletely. only one side breaks