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Nigely Escandon, Period 5, Skeletal System - Coggle Diagram
Nigely Escandon, Period 5, Skeletal System
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Types of bones
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Short bones
Cube shaped bones
Example: Carpals, and tarsals
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Irregular bones
Not the same as the other bones, they are shaped differently
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Anatomy of the long bone
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Medullary cavity is inside the cavity , it contains yellow bone marrow and that stores fat called to store energy
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Articular cartilage reduces friction and absorbs shock at the joints and it is made up of hyaline cartilage that covers the end of the epiphysis
Compact bone is the outer layer of the diaphysis, it provides protection and strength. It is packed with osteons.
Endosteum is a tin membrane lining covering the medullary cavity it contains osteoclasts and osteoblasts, it focuses on remodeling, growth, and repair.
Diaphysis is the long part of the bone, it is composed of compact bone and contains the medullary cavity, provides weight support.
Epiphyisis is located at the proximal and distal ends of the bones, it provides a surface for muscle attachments
Periosteum is a fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the bone, it helps on repairing and the growth
Spongy bone is located in the epiphysis, it looks like sponge and is filled with the red bone marrow, it helps with the production of blood cells,
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Bone remodeling
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Resorption is a function of osteoclasts, it digs depression as they break down, secrete lysosomal enzymes and protons. The acidity converts Ca salts to soluble forms.
Bone fracture repair
Bone fractures
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Greenstick is when the bone breaks incompletely, on of the side bends and the other breaks
Fracture treatment involves in reduction, realignment of broken bone ends.
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Immobilization is a cast or traction, the time needed depends on break severity and the age of the patient.
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Joints
There are three types of fibrous joints, sutures allow growth during youth, gomphosis in socket joints, and syndesmosis are connected by ligaments.
There is two types of cartilaginous, synchondroses a bar or plate of hyaline cartilage that unites the bone, symphysis is the fibrocartilage that unites bone is symphysis joints.
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Disorders/diseases
Osteomyelitis is an infection in the bone that can be because primarily staphylococcus, direct contamination, or circulatory disorders.
Symptoms are fever, chills, or and pain at the infection site. Treatment options are antibiotics, surgical drainage, and amputation.
Osteoprosis is a group disease where bone resorption exceeds deposit, the bone mass declines,the matrix remains the same.
Postmenopausal women are at risk. This disease affects 70% of women by age 80 and 30% of women at age 60-70yrs. Men are less likely to get it.
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Osteosacroma is an infection in the bone that can be because of hereditary, or radiotherapy for unrelated condition.
Symptoms are bone pain, bone fracture, or swelling. Some treatments are surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation.
Paget's disease is a metabolic bone disease affecting the breakdown and rebuilding bone this can occur because of hereditary, age over 40, or possible viral infection.
Symptoms are bone pain, hip pain in the pelvis, numbness, and tingleness. Some treatments are surgery, medications, and realignment of bones.
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder that causes brittle bone, this can happen because of congenital mutation,and frequent fractures.
Symptoms might be muscle weakness, limb deformity, or blue sclera. Some treatments that can help is a bone marrow transplant or an improved nutrition.
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