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Seizures - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Indications
        Trauma
        Evolving neurology
        Reduced GCS
        Elevated ICP
        Ongoing seizures
- - - - Tonic-Clonic
        
        1st line
        Valproate - male
        CArbamazepine
      - Abscence
        
        1st line
        Valproate - male
        Ethosuximide
      - Myclonic
        
        1st line
        Valproate - males
        Levetiracetam
      - Focal
        
        1st line
        Carbamazepine
        Valproate - males
        Levetiracetam
        Lamotrigine
  - - - High flow O2
      - Check glucose
      - Ensure patent airway
    - - Lorazepam if IV
      - Buccal midazolam or rectal diazepam
    - - IV phenytoin
        
        Rapid sequence induction with thiopentone and intubation
- - - - 3 months - 12 months
    - - Salaam attacks
        Sudden flexor spasms
        Bending at the waist
        Nodding of head
        Susequent extension of arms
        Occurs in clusters
    - - 1-2 seconds
    - - Hypsarrhythmia
        Chaotic, irregular high amplitude waves with spikes
    - - Developmental delay
      - Developmental regression
    - - Corticosteroids
      - ACTH
      - Vigabatrin
  - - - 1-3 years
    - - Multiple types
      - Mostly atonic, atypical abscence, and tonic seizures in sleep
    - - Neurodevelopmental arrest / regression
      - Behavioural disorders
  - - - 4-10 yrs
    - - Stops breathing
      - Eyelid movements
      - 10s long
      - No recollection
    - - Spike and wave
  - - - 10-20 yrs
    - - Mycolonic
      - Tonic clonic
      - Absence
      - Typical hx of knoking things over without noticing
    - - Polyspike
- - - - Cerebral dysgenesis / malformation
      - Cerebral vascular occlusion
      - Tumour
    - - Hypoxia
- - - - Simple
        
        Conciousness not impaired
        
        Motor
        
        Jerking
        Muscle twitching
        Rigidity
        
        Sensory
        
        Unusual sensations
        Visual changes
        Aura
        Smell
        Taste
        
        Psychological
        
        Emotional
        Memory
      - Complex
        
        Impaired conciousness
        
        Otherwise same as simple
      - Focal with secondary generalisation
        
        Starts focal
        Loss of conciousness
        Tonic clonic seizure
  - - - Tonic-Clonic
        
        Rigid (tonic) then start vigorously jerking (clonic)
      - Tonic
        
        Increasd stiffness / rigidity
      - Myoclonic
        
        Sporadic jerks
      - Abscence
        
        Blank stare
        
        No post-ictal confsion
      - Atonic
        
        Drop attacks
        
        Complete loss of tone