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Disaster Risk Reduction 1 - Coggle Diagram
Disaster Risk Reduction
Key Concepts
Risk: The probability of a disaster occurring and its impact.
Hazard: An event that can cause damage (e.g., earthquakes).
Vulnerability: The degree to which a community can be affected.
Exposure: The number of people and assets at risk
Types of Hazards
Natural Phenomena
Earthquakes: Movement of the earth caused by the release of energy in tectonic plates.
causes
Movement of tectonic plates at plate boundaries.
Volcanic activity.
measurement
Mercalli Scale: Assesses effects and damages.
Richter Scale: Measures the magnitude of the earthquake.
impact
Collapse of structures: Poorly designed buildings are more vulnerable.
Injuries and deaths: Especially affects populations in high-risk areas.
Floods: Rise in water levels covering normally dry areas.
Hurricanes: Tropical storms with strong winds and heavy rain.
Volcanoes: Eruptions releasing magma and gases.
Technological Phenomena
Structural Failures: Collapses of buildings due to poor construction or lack of maintenance.
Industrial Disasters: Accidents in factories that can cause explosions or spills.
Vulnerability
Infrastructure
Importance of assessing the resilience of buildings and infrastructure.
Use of materials and construction techniques that comply with regulations.
Construction
Implementation of seismic mesh and binding beams.
Regular inspections and maintenance of buildings.
Factors
Socioeconomic
Communities with limited resources often lack safe housing.
Need for investment in resilient infrastructure.
Environmental
Soil conditions: Soft soils are more susceptible to collapse.
Effects of climate change: Increase in the frequency of extreme phenomena.
Human Behaviors
Lack of awareness about the importance of preparation.
Behaviors that may compromise safety (e.g., obstructing evacuation routes).
Risk Management
Preparation
Design of accessible evacuation routes.
Formation of emergency brigades and drills.
Education
Information about earthquake characteristics and how to react.
Training the community on disaster management.
Continuous Evaluation
Periodic reviews of infrastructures to detect vulnerabilities.
Adjusting evacuation plans based on drills.
Actions to Take During an Earthquake
Stay Calm: Avoid panic to make informed decisions.
Do Not Run or Scream: Keeping calm helps organize evacuation.
Take Cover: Protect your head and neck under a sturdy piece of furniture.
Stay Away from Windows and Hazardous Objects: Minimize injury risk.
Call to Action
Coexisting with Risk: Accept that disasters can occur and prepare accordingly.
Preparation and Education: Key strategies to minimize disaster impact.
Community Commitment: Involve everyone in preparation and response efforts.
Emergency Backpack
It should include water, non-perishable food, a first aid kit, a flashlight, a multi-tool, an emergency blanket, a whistle, dust masks, local maps, personal hygiene items, and important documents.
