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Week 3 Community development and inclusion - top-of-the-pyramid v bottom…
Week 3 Community development and inclusion - top-of-the-pyramid v bottom-of-the-pyramid communities
Top v bottom pyramid
bottom-of-the-pyramid communities - low income
top-of-the-pyramid - high income
Community development
(Dewey, 1927) interconnectedness among groups
need to consider multiply groups
Stakeholders 'any group of individuals who can affect or is affected by the achievement of an organisation’s purpose'. (Freeman, 1984, p. 148)
internal
external
Primary, secondary, marginal
Mendelow’s matrix (Mendelow, 1981)
invovling stakeholders in bus decisions
Power
interest
high power, low interest
high power, hgih interest
low power, low interest
low power, high interest
Governance Sacchetti and Tortia (2016)
Who has power - decision making?
what are activities and benefits shared?
who is included ? shar-holding or stake-holding?
societal challenges define the aims and direction of the enterprise.
Governance
Sacchetti and Tortia (2016) refer to:
Who is included in decision-making?
What are the activities and benefits to be shared? how resources allocated
Is this share-holding? Is this stake-holding?
Effects...who controls how management implements strategic direction
one of the major functions of governance is to define who takes major decisions in the organisation.
economic sustainability acieved by:
keeping the costs of decision-making low within the organisation
control mechanisms, such as supervision and accountability .
needs of community stakeholders
comply law and regulations
circulation of information so that asymmetries amongst stakeholders are reduced
" identifies what needs are addressed by production and innovation, how production is organised, how surplus generated from production activities" -
affects society and communities
(Borzaga and Sacchetti, 2015).