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Module 7: WAN Concepts - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Fiber to the Home (FTTH) - Fiber reaches the boundary of the residence. Passive optical networks and point-to-point Ethernet are architectures that can deliver cable TV, internet, and phone services over FTTH networks directly from an the service provider central office.
      - Fiber to the Building (FTTB) - Fiber reaches the boundary of the building, such as the basement in a multi-dwelling unit, with the final connection to the individual living space being made via alternative means, like curb or pole technologies.
      - Fiber to the Node/Neighborhood (FTTN) - Optical cabling reaches an optical node that converts optical signals to a format acceptable for twisted pair or coaxial cable to the premise.
  - - - To address security concerns, broadband services provide Virtual Private Networks (VPN) connections to a network device that accepts VPN connections. The network device is typically located at the corporate site.
- - - - An organization that wants to connect users in different locations
      - An ISP that wants to connect customers to the internet
      - An ISP or telecommunications that wants to interconnect ISPs
    - - Guaranteed service level
      - Consistent bandwidth
      - Security
  - - - Campus Network
      - Branch Network
      - Small Network
      - Distributed Network
- - - - During transmission over a circuit-switched network, all communication uses the same path. The entire fixed capacity allocated to the circuit is available for the duration of the connection, regardless of whether there is information to transmit or not.
  - - - Layer 1 Protocols
        Layer 1 protocols describe the electrical, mechanical, and operational components needed to transmit bits over a WAN.
        SDH, SONET, DWDM
      - Layer 2 Protocols
        Layer 2 protocols define how data will be encapsulated into a frame.
        DSL,CABLE, METRO ETHERNET, MPLS, PPP, HDLC, ATM
  - - - Common types of packet-switched WAN technologies are Ethernet WAN (Metro Ethernet), Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), as well as legacy Frame Relay and legacy Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM).
  - - - TIA/EIA - Telecommunications Industry Association and Electronic Industries Alliance
        ISO - International Organization for Standardization IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  - - - SDH/SONET define how to transfer multiple data, voice, and video communications over optical fiber using lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) over great distances. Both standards are used on the ring network topology that contains the redundant fiber paths that allow traffic to flow in both directions.
        Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) is a newer technology that increases the data-carrying capacity of SDH and SONET by simultaneously sending multiple streams of data (multiplexing) using different wavelengths of light, as shown in the figure.