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Emphysema - Coggle Diagram
Emphysema
clinical feature
Dyspnea
Barrel chest
Wheezing
Chronic cough
use of accessory muscles for breathing
Pathophysiology
destruction of alveolar walls
Loss of elastic recoil
Air trapping
Hyperinflantion of lungs
treatment
Oxygen therapy
Bronchodilators
smoking cessation
pulmonary rehabilitation
Caused by
Smoking
Environmental exposure(air pollutants)
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Risk factors
Smoking
Age
Occupational exposure( chemical fumes, dust
Diagnosis
Chest X-ray( shows hyperinflation)
pulmonary function test
Arterial blood gas analysis
Complications
Respiratory failure
Pneumothorax
Cor pulmonale( right-sided heart failure)
Definition
Chronic lung disease characterized by the destruction of alveoli leading to impaired gas exchange