Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Concrete (construction material), Summary - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Specialised foams can be sprayed over concrete to trap the dust particles.
  - - - Recycling water can reduce the operational costs and resources for concrete mixing
- - - - concrete is strong in compressive strength and weak in tensile strength. On the other hand, steel is the opposite of concrete. Hence, 6ecombine of both will be much more stronger.
  - - - concrete stands out for its exceptional durability especially it ability to withstand natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis
- - - - While crushed concrete can be mixed with new concrete to utilize less material, larger pieces can be cut into pavers, blocks, or used for raised garden beds and retaining walls.
      - Using pieces for drainage systems or creating artwork or outdoor furniture are examples of creative options.
  - - - Recycling process
        
        While Sika chemicals and CO₂ are applied, rotation separates the cement stone and aggregates.
        
        Sika's additives for process and output material optimization are automatically incorporated. Additionally, the process air automatically receives the CO2.
        
        The cleaned aggregates tumble out of the chamber's end.
        
        In the spinning chamber, the material comes into contact with CO2. The carbonated cement stone is lifted off the surface and separated from the aggregates as a result of the rotation.
        
        Removing of fine particles
        
        The fine particles of the removed, carbonated cement stone are transported via the process air and are separated with a filter system. The air can be heated or dehumidified depending on the required conditions.
        
        Environmental Impacts
        
        Recycled concrete limits the quantity of trash that ends up in landfills and minimizes the use of virgin materials. Because less natural resources are extracted and less building waste is produced, the environmental impact is lessened.
        
        Adding of concrete waste
        
        The hopper is filled with pre-crushed concrete demolition trash. After that, it is taken to the top container, which houses the plant's heart.
        
        Collection of seperated materials (reasy for reuse)
        
        The materials that have been separated are gathered at the conclusion of the procedure. Separate collections are made of the cleaned aggregates and the carbonated powder.
        
        In a sieve unit, the cleaned aggregates are divided into fractions, in this example 0–4 mm, 4–8 mm, 8–16 mm, and 16–32 mm sizes.
        
        A large bag is used to collect the powder.
- - - - Third step is to pre-heat the raw materials. Decomposition and oxide formation take place between 100°C and 430°C (212°F and 800°F), after drying and dehydration at 100°C (212°F). The next step is calcination, which breaks down calcium carbonate into carbon dioxide and calcium oxide at temperatures between 900°C and 982°C (1650°F and 1800°F). Last but not least, clinker production, which involves crucial processes like calcination, dicalcium silicate formation, and tricalcium silicate formation, takes place at 1510°C (2750°F). This process also produces large amount of carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas.
        
        Forth step is cooling and final grinding. At this point, the clinker to be ground is mixed with various additives to create cement, the finished product. In addition to controlling the setting time, gypsum added to and crushed with clinker provides cement's most crucial characteristic, compressive strength.
        
        Through a chemical process known as hydration, the cement and water paste coats the aggregate's surface, ranging from fine sand to broken boulders and small stones, and the concrete solidifies and gains strength, forming concrete.
        
        How does it impact the environment?
        The process of producing the cement produces large amount of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and uses a lot of energy to heat up the kiln to heat up the raw materials.
        
        How do we make the production of concrete and cement more sustainable ?
        We can :
        
        3 more items...