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Access to Fresh Water - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Largest consumer of freshwater (~70% globally)
      - Practices vary: inefficient methods (e.g., flood irrigation) versus more efficient methods (e.g., drip irrigation)
    - - Rice, cotton, sugarcane, and livestock require significant amounts of water
- - - - Areas with monsoons (e.g., South Asia) experience water abundance but also risk seasonal shortages
      - Drought: Prolonged periods of dry weather reduce availability, particularly in semi-arid and arid regions
    - - Rock Porosity: Aquifers are more effective where rock layers can hold and transmit water (sandstone, limestone)
      - Watershed Characteristics: River basins affect water flow and availability; e.g., mountainous areas are natural reservoirs
  - - - Developing countries may lack resources for efficient water systems (pipes, reservoirs, and treatment plants)
      - High costs associated with building dams, desalination plants, and advanced water treatment facilities
    - - Increased demand in cities leads to competition for resources and strain on existing water systems
  - - - Rivers that cross borders (e.g., Nile, Mekong) require international cooperation to manage shared resources
      - Potential for conflict due to unequal control (e.g., Ethiopia and Egypt over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam)
    - - Policies affecting water allocation, pollution control, and conservation incentives impact accessibility
      - Corruption or poor governance can exacerbate issues by diverting resources or mismanaging funds