Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Embryology, Placental Barrier Developed in the 4th week, Depending on…
Embryology
Placental Barrier
Developed in the 4th week
The syncytium
The cytotrophoblastic layer
The connective tissue in the villus core
Endothelial lining of fetal vessels
After 4 months only remains
Endothelial layer
The syncytium
Depending on factors
Presence of Y chromosome
Short arm contains SRY gene
Testosterone hormone
From Ledig cell
Also Produces 80% of male Estrogen
Extra 20% comes from adrenal Gland
Mullerian inhibiting factor
From Sertoli cell
Inhibin hormone
Blood-testis barrier
Androgen binding protein
Gametogenesis
Alteration in Germ cells
Chromosomal alteration
Meiosis
Morphological alteration
Maturation
Spermatogenesis
Starts at puberty
Completes within 3 months
Oogenesis
Starts at birth, Intrauterine
Completes after fertilization
Until Fertilization in each menstrual cycle it goes up to secondary Oocyte
Mesoderm
Intermediate Mesoderm
Pronephros
Pronephric duct
Mesonephros
Mesonephric duct
Male Specific
Male genitalia
Efferent duct
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Prostate
Prostatic urethra
Both sexes
Ureteric Bud
Secretory part of kidney
From collecting duct up to bladder
Bladder Trigone
Metanephros
Nephron
Excretory part of kidney
Up to Collecting tubule
Lateral Plate mesoderm
Somato-pleuric mesoderm
Parietal layer of all containers
Adrenal CORTEX
Gonad CORTEX
Mullerian/ Paramesonephric duct
Female
Fallopian tube up to upper half of vagina
Male
Appendix of testis
Prostatic utricle
Splanchno-pleuric mesoderm
Visceral layer of all containers
Paraxial Mesoderm
Somite
Dermato- Myo- Sclerotome
Dermis of Skin
MUscle
All Bones EXCEPT FACE & SCALP bones
MICROGLIA
Endoderm
Foregut
Nose to Alveoli
Mouth to Major Duodenale papillae
Midgut
Major duodenal Papillae to Right 2/3 of Transverse colon
Hindgut
Left 1/3 of transverse colon up to Middle rectal fold
Gland Origin
Ectodermal
PALPSS
Pituitary Anterior
Adrenal Medulla
Lacrimal
Parotid
Sweat
Sebaceous
Mesodermal
Kidney
Spleen
Adrenal cortex
Gonadal cortex
Endodermal
All else
Meiosis
Daughter cell 4
23,n
Only in germ cell
Reductional division
Chromosome reduces but no alteration in DNA
Prophase-1
Leptotene
Chromosome Thick, Fat, Closer
Zygotene
Pairing 23 pairs
Pakaytene
Crossing over
Diplotene
Begin to separate
Diakinesis
Separation completes, Disjunction
Non-disjuction
Monosomy
Trisomy
Tetrasomy
Equational division
Chromosome doesn't change but DNA reduces
Sperm Structure
Acrosomal Cap
Like Dandruff
Proteins
Glycoprotein
Seminal Plasma Protein
Removal Process is Capacitation
Occurs in Female genitalia
MUST occur before fertilization
NO head wash > Fail
7 hours
Enzyme
Acrosin
Head
Cell Membrane
Enzyme
Hyaluronidase
Cloaca
Urogenital complex
After trigone of bladder
Urethra
Female specific
Lower part of vagina
Hymen
Anorectal complex
Rectum lower half
Spermatogenesis
Yolk sac
Primordial germ cell
46,2n
Mitosis
Spermatogonia
Primary Spermatocyte
46,2n
Meiosis-1
2 daughter cells
Secondary spermatocyte
23,2n
Meiosis-2
From each secondary spermatocyte 2 spermatid
spermatid
23,n
Spermiogenesis
Formation of acrosome
Condensation of nucleus
Formation of tail, Middle piece, Neck
Shedding out most of the cytoplasm
1 more item...
Ovarian follicle
Day 1-3
Primordial
Single Primary Oocyte
Single layer flat cell
Day 1-3
Day 4-6
Primary ovarian follicle
Single layer columnar or cuboidal cell
Day 7-11
In between changes
Secondary ovarian follicle
Multi layer cell
Cavity
Day 12-14
Graafian/ tertiary ovarian follicle
Contains both Primary and secondary Oocyte
Cavity becomes antrum
1 more item...
Follicular cell turns into granulosa cell
Progesterone
Formation of Corona radiata
Formation of Cumulus Oophorous
Formation of theca cell
Estrogen secretion
Formation of Zona pellucida
Oogenesis
Yolk sac
Primordial germ cell
46,2n
Mitosis
Oogonium
46,2n
Primary Oocyte
46,2n
Meiosis-1
Oocyte Maturation Inhibitor
Meiosis-1 Stunted at Diplotene of Prophase-1
After Puberty Completes Just before ovulation
Primary Oocyte count reduced to 40000 due to Apoptosis
Secondary Oocyte
23,2n
1 Secondary Oocyte
1 Polar body
Lost within Hours
1 more item...
Sperm pathway
Spermatogenesis completes in seminiferous tubule
Tubule rectae
Reti testis
Efferent ductule
Epididymis
Up to ductus deferens acts as storehouse of sperm
Ductus deferens/ Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Developed from primitive gonad
Developed from Mesonephric duct
Also Seminal vesicle
Development of testis
Indifferent Gonad
Sex determination on 7th week
If male determining factors not present
Waits for 2 weeks for male stimulation
Cortex of Gonad hyperproliferation
Ovary development
If Male determining factors present
Medulla of Gonad starts hyperproliferation
Testis development
Proliferative phase/ Follicular phase
High concentration of Estrogen driven
Variable duration
Secretory phase/ Luteal phase
Progesterone conc. becomes higher than estrogen
Estrogen conc. is still high
Fixed 14 days
Fertilization
Within 24 hours after ovulation
Occurs in fallopian tube
Penetration of Corona radiata
Hyaluronidase eats away Hyaluronic acid of Corona radiata
Penetration of Zona Pellucida
Acrosin eats away Glycoprotein
Glycoprotein coagulates
Permeable zona pellucida hardens
Sperm cell membrane and Ovum cell membrane fuses
Result
Ovum structure
Membrane
Innermost
Cell membrane
Intermediate
Zona Pellucida
Made of
Glycoprotein
Outermost
Corona Radiata
Made of
Granulosa cell
Hyaluronic acid
Ectoderm
Surface ectoderm
Neuro ectoderm
Folding
Neuro ectodermal cells come closer to the junction
Detachment
Neural crest
4 Ganglia
Cranial Nerve Ganglia
Spinal ganglia
Sypathetic ganglia
Parasympathetic ganglia
5 type of cells
C cell of thyroid gland
Melanocyte
Schwann cell
Omentoblast
Adrenal MEDULLA
Leptomeninges
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Part of the bones of Face and Scalp
Rest comes from Pharyngial arch
Neural tube
Brain + Spinal cord EXCEPT MICROGLIA
Neurons
Glial cells
Astrocyte
Oligodendrocyte
Ependymal cells
Surface ectoderm
Epidermis
All externally visible
Hair
Nail
Skin Epidermis
Gland
Visible secretion
Mammary gland
Sebaceous gland
Sweat gland
Placord
All Special sense cells
Two poles
Proctorium
Caudal pole
Below pectinate line of anus
Somatorium
Cranial Pole
Cranially Located Structure
Nose
Nasal Mucosa
Palate
Hard palate
Mouth
buccal mucosa
Teeth Enamel,
Gum
Vestibule
Parotid
Ant. Pituitary gland
1st week
Ovulation
Countdown 0
Zygote formation
within 24 hours of ovulation
Cleavage
1st mitosis
After 30 hours of Ovulation
Morula
Cluster
3rd day
2-layer formation:
Trophoblast
Erythroblast
Zona Pellucid gets removed
Blastocyst formation
4-5 days
Blastocyst adheres to the endometrium
Implantation starts
6-7 days
Posterior wall close to fundus
2nd week
Bilamellar germ disc formation
Polarity
2 germ layers
Erythroblast
forms
Epiblast
Hypoblast
Hypoblast growth
Epiblast swelling
Prochondral plate formation
Determination of Cranial pole
3rd week
Tri lamellar germ disc formation
Notochord formation
Mesoderm arrives in between ectoderm and endoderm
New ectodermal swelling
Primitive peak
Notochord
start growing from Primitive peak
Direction towards prochondral plate
Caudal to Cranial
Situated in Mesoderm
Ovulation
Capacitation
Derivatives
Paramesonephric duct
Cloaca
Placenta
Fetal circulation
Organ development
Placental membrane
Amniotic fluid
Umbilical cord
Cloning
Teratogenesis
Testis volume = 15-20ml
Girl means Mula for boys and Pera for boys
All female structures from Mullerian Duct or Para mesonephric duct
Meso Moshai is like a Wolf
All Male Structures from Mesonephric Duct and Wolffian duct
Oogenesis