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Cold War - Czechoslovakia (1968) and Detente (1969-79) - Coggle Diagram
Cold War - Czechoslovakia (1968) and Detente (1969-79)
Prague Spring
Causes
Like Hungary, Czechoslovakia had been damaged by communist/Soviet rule, leading to dissent among its people
In January 1968, progressive Dubcek became PM and introduced various reforms
Reforms included; freedom of speech; some democratic processes; and existence of non-communist parties alongside economic reform.
Secret police and Soviet influence were scaled back
These reforms led to a period of increased freedoms named the Prague Spring
Events
Increased freedoms reduced Soviet power in Czechoslovakia, which threatened their grip on the entire Eastern bloc
To neutralise this threat, Khruschev initiated a Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia to depose the government
The government was immediately replaced by traditional communists, who introduced, normailisation
Consequences
Dubcek arrested and exiled
Brezhnev doctrine esablished, threatened any dissident Warsaw Pact country with invasion to maintain communism in eastern bloc
Invasion internationally condemned and western communist parties alongside Yugoslavia and Romania separated themselves from USSR.
Propoganda failiure as USSR seen as tyrannical and oppressive
SALT I
First agreement between countries signed in 1972. Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty I
SALT I stated:
No further production of strategic ballistic weapons
No increase in ICBM numbers, but could be replaced
No new nuclear missile launchers
ABMs limited to just 2 sites each
Improved relations as slowed arms race, led to further negotiations and ensured neither side would have advantage in nuclear war
Detente
Detente was a period of peace between USA and USSR between 1969 and 1979
Caused by countries wanting to move away from nuclear weapons after Cuban missile crisis and focusing on domestic issues
USA needed to focus on civil rights and economy. USSR needed to focus on economy over expensive military
Led to improved relations throughout the decade between West and USSR
Ended in 1979 with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
Helsinki accords/SALT II
Signed in Helsinki, Finland, in 1977 by all European countries (except Albania and Andorra), USA, Canada and the USSR
Helsinki Accords stated: You began to learn something.
East and West Germany to be recognised as countries by all
No country can interfere in internal issues of another
Trade agreement between US and USSR. Soviet oil for American produce
Sharing of scientific info and promise to uphold human rights
The actual consequences of this agreement were limited
USA continued to influence countries like Chile and El Salvador
Brezhnev doctrine maintained
SALT II scrapped after Soviet invasion of Afghanistan