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Ammonia Production: Haber Process - Coggle Diagram
Ammonia Production: Haber Process
Properties of Ammonia Gas:
Ammonia is a colorless gas with a chemical formula NH3.
It consists of hydrogen and nitrogen.
It has a pungent smell.
Ammonia is lighter than air with a density of 0.769 kg/m3 at STP.
Molecular Weight/ Molar Mass 17.031 g/mol
Density 0.73 kg/m³
Boiling Point -33.34 °C
Melting Point −77.73 °C
Why is it important to produce ammonia in an industrial scale?
Between 75 and 90% of this ammonia goes toward making fertilizer, and about 50% of the world's food production relies on ammonia fertilizer. It is an essential ingredient in the growth of crops. Ammonia is also used extensively as a refrigerant, as well as in-home cleansers and disinfectants.
How was ammonia produced before the Haber Bosch process?
Before the Haber process was developed, ammonia was primarily obtained through natural sources and chemical reactions involving naturally occurring nitrogen compounds. For instance, decomposition of animal waste or organic matter.
What is the chemical reaction of producing ammonia through Haber’s process?
N2 (g)+3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g)
Conditions:
high temperature, high pressure, catalyst
Temperature: ~400–500°C.
Pressure: ~150–250 atm.
Catalyst: Iron catalyst with potassium hydroxide as a promoter.
Why Haber Bosch process of ammonia production so important even though it reaches a dynamic equilibrium and prevent optimum yield?
The Haber-Bosch process is critically important for ammonia production despite reaching dynamic equilibrium because it revolutionized the availability of ammonia as a key ingredient in fertilizers, which are essential for global food production. This process allows for the efficient synthesis of ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen and hydrogen under high pressure and temperature.
While the reaction does reach an equilibrium that limits yield, Although the reaction doesn't reach 100% yield due to equilibrium, continuous removal of ammonia helps shift the reaction toward more production.