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Challenges of Living in London (Y10) - Coggle Diagram
Challenges of Living in London (Y10)
ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
Building on brownfield and greenfield sites
Brownfield site: an area of previously developed which is often now derelict and has potential for redevelopment.
Advantages:
reduces the need from urban sprawl
public transport is better in urban areas - less need fro cars
new development can imporve urban environment
sites are available
Disadvantages:
old buildings may need to be demolished first
ground may need to be decontaminated
land is more expensive in urban areas
people may lose their houses when buildings are demolished
Greenfield site: an area of land that has not been previously developed.
Advantages:
no demolition or decontamination is needed for development
land is cheaper in rural areas
more people get job opportunities in urban areas as they are able to commute (housing on greenfield sites)
Disadvantages:
public transport is worse in rural areas - more need for cars
once land is build on, it is unlikely to be turned back into countryside
valuable land for farming/recreation may be lost
natural habitats/ecosystems may be destroyed
Air pollution and waste disposal
waste disposal
different boroughs have varying levels of recycling - the lowest is Newham, with 16.9%. The highest is Bexley, with 54.1%, and K&C has 27%. The UK average is 43.5%.
London Waste Management Strategy:
achieve zero municipal (household) waste direct to landfill by 2025
reduce the amount of household waste produced
increase London's capacity to reuse or repair municipal waste
recycle or compost at least 45% of municipal waste by 2015
cut London's greenhouse gas emissions
generate as much energy as practicable from London's organic and non-recycled waste
air pollution
London is more polluted than most European cities, although not as bad as other cities in Asia
there are over 4,000 premature deaths in London per year as a result of long-term exposure to air pollution
One of the worst modern pollutants is nitrogen dioxide, which comes primary from road vehicles, especially diesel engines
Management:
London is making more buses electric
there is now a free app called London Air which allows people to check the pollution levels
introducing a congestion charge on car travelling in and out of London, which helps to reduce traffic congestion
investing in cycle superhighways
SOCIOECONOMIC CHALLENGES
Urban decline and deprivation
urban deprivation: when the standard of living falls below that of the majority of society.
urban decline: the deterioration of the inner city caused by lack of investment and maintenance
Inequalities in housing, education, health and employment
housing:
house/rent prices in London are more expensive than anywhere else in the UK - in fact, London tenants pay 72% of their earnings on rent.
the number of people who own a house in London instead of renting is going down
in London, there are many people who live in small, poor quality accommodation. In the same city, there are people who live in some of the most expensive properties on the planet.
in 2023, Hanover Lodge was sold in Regent's Park, costing £113 million, more than 220 times the cost of an average London home.
education:
children across London do not get equal exam grades, but some schools in London's poorest areas are the fastest improving
generally, the students in the poorest areas get the lowest GCSE grades.
health:
people in wealthy areas of London tend to live longer than those in poorer areas
the 2021 census showed that the people reporting themselves as 'not in good health' were often people in low income areas
employment:
2023 unemployment rates: // UK: 3.7% // London: 5%
unemployment rates were highest among white men and women, Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi men, as well as other ethnic group men.
in 2023, 40% of part time jobs in London were low-paid, which was a 1.5% increase from 2022.
28% of Londoners live in poverty, compared to 22% in the UK